Unit 2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

natural rate of increase

the percentage by which the population grows (excluding migration) The difference between the number of births and the number of deaths during a specific period.

agricultural population density

farmers :: arable land

anti natalist policy

a policy that encourages a decreased birth rate (usually through some sort of restrictions)

arable

fit for, or used for the growing of crops

arithmetic population density

total population :: total land area

asylum seeker

someone that has migrated to another country in hope of being recognized as a refugee

carrying capacity

the number of people an area can support sustainability

chain migration

a stream of people out of an area as people who have moved already communicate with others back home and stimulate others to migrate too

contraception

techniques and antibiotics used to prevent pregnancy

(CBR) crude birth rate

the number of live births given each year per every 1000 people

(CDR) crude death rate

the mortality rate or how many deaths per 1000 people

demographic transition model

the idea that population patterns vary according to different level of technological development, but all countries go through the same four (or five in some cases) stages

demography

the study of human populations in relation to the size, density, and distribution of the said population

dependency ratio

the number of people under 15 and over 64 compared to the working pop.

doubling rate

the amount of time needed to double the current population

emigration

moving **out** of somewhere

epidemiological transition

also called "mortality revolution," the significant drop in death rates in mid-19th century Europe due to industrialization, greater food supplies, and scientific medicine

forced migration

international migration where the migrant involuntarily migrates somewhere

guest worker

a foreign born person who has permission to work in a country but is not a citizen of that country

(IMR) infant mortality rate

the number of deaths of children under one year old in a given year

internal migration

migration in the borders of a country

(IDP) internally displaced person

someone who has been forced out similar to a refugee but has not crossed an international border

intervening obstacle

something that halts or slows migration

intervening opportunity

something that encourages people migrating to stop and settle somewhere else (usually because of more opportunities and along their journey)

life expectancy

the average number of years someone will live

malthusian theory

the idea that population increases faster than the amount of food that we can produce so widespread famine and degradation will begin to occur

maternal mortality rate

the number of female deaths for everything related to pregnancy

migration

a permanent move to a new location

physiological population policy

the total number of people divided by square kilometers of arable land; is useful for calculating carrying capacity

population pyramids

a device the represents age and gender composition, taking different shapes according to the distribution of males and females at each age level

pronatalist policy

a policy that encourages an increased birth rate, usually through incentives

pull factor

something that draws people in (mostly economic)

push factor

something that encourages people to move out of an area

refugees

people who have been forced from their homes and cannot return for fear of prosecution because of their religion, race, nationality, or political ideas

rural

relating to characteristics of the country, country life; rustic or pastoral

step migration

long distance migration migration that is usually done in stages

(TFR) total fertility rate

the average number of children a woman will have throughout her child bearing years (15-49); lower TFR means more developed

transhumance

seasonal migration of livestock between different altitudes

transnational migration

movement (typically permanent) from one country to another

urban

relating to characteristics of cities, city life, or city-dwellers

voluntary migration

a form of international migration in which the migrant chooses to move