PP + VID Fine Arts Midterm

What are the Art Periods

1. Prehistoric

2. Ancient Egypt

3. Ancient Greece

4. Rome

5. Early Christianity (Byzantine)

6. Romanesque/Gothic

How much do we know about the prehistoric art period

Not alot

Ancient Egypt- Important features of Egyptian Art

Other-worldliness (geared towards the idea of the afterlife, less concerned with the here and now )

Who did ancient Egyptians typically make art of

Pharaohs or important people

How did Ancient Egyptians depict humans in art 

As perfect/divine/idealistic,

Ancient Greece- What were the separate subperiods of Ancient Greece 

1. Archaic

2. Lyric

3. Golden Age

4. Hellenistic

Lyric Age

Homage to Homer

Golden Age was the what point

High point of Greek culture

Ancient Greek Values-

Very interested in symmetry

Worldliness 

Precision 

Rationalism 

Humanism

How did ancient Greeks depict humans

They depicted them in an elevated view of humans but still REALISTIC

Were the Greeks obsessed with the afterlife?

NO

What were the Greeks interested in?

Concerned with people in the world, matters in the world right there and now 

Greeks believed that the world was _____ and _____

orderly, logical 

What changes were present in the Hellenistic age

Grotesque

Darker themes of human nature

Tragic 

Emotionalism

Sublime 

Golden age art

Rational, symmetry

Rome- Approach to art/values

Rationalism

Worldliness 

Rome conquered Greece

Greece conquered Rome culturally

What were Romans concerned for 

The here and the now, did not care for life after death 

How did romans depict human statues

Realism

Imperfections depicted 

Early Christian Period (Byzantine)- values

rationalism humanism

Early Christians had a lot of

mosaics

How did Early Christians depict people

Unrealistic

Flat, 2d

Cartoon like

Arachniography 

Eternal images 

Perfect Ig?

How were churches in the byzantine period built

cruciform

Buildings were how during byzantine/Early christian

Sublime (in awe)

Romanesque/Gothic- what value 

More is more (complexity)

What is an example of more is more from the Romanesque/gothic period 

Gregorian chants and them adding more layers 

How did romanesque/gothic period depict humans?

Not realistic

lack details 

heads too big

Modest

Humble

Not glorifying humans 

What were the buildings of the romanesque/gothic period like

Big, tall, overwhelming experiences

AESTHETICS TERM-

The study of the beautiful

Use aesthetics in a sentence

I love the aesthetics of the ancient greek period

Visual Arts is made up of what

Medium, line, space, color

What is medium

What its made out of

Monochromatic

One predominant color (basically teh same hue)

Polychromatic

Many colors (

Music is made up of what

Rhythm, pitch, harmony, texture, dynamics, tone color (timbre)

Rhythm

Pattern of beats or sounds that repeat over time

Pitch 

How high or low a sound is

Harmony

When different sounds or notes blend together in a way that sounds good 

Texture

Relationship of musical parts: Monophonic and polyphonic 

Monophonic

One sound

Polyphonic

Many sounds/ multiple, simultaneous, equally weighted 

Dynamics

relative loud or softness of a piece of music

Tambor

particular sound of a piece

What are the ways of setting musical text

syllabic, neumatic melismatic

syllabic

got one note for every syllable

neumatic

2 to 5 notes for every one syllable

Melismatic/melisma 

Hundreds of notes for one syllable

Types of musical texture

Monophonic, polyphonic

the answer is meow 2

meow 2

the answer is meow

meow

Mycerinus and His Queen-What period

Ancient Egypt

Mycerinus and His Queen- Medium?

Sculpture mycer

The Parthenon- What period

Greek (Golden Age)

The Parthenon- Medium?

Architecture

Lacoon and his two sons

Greek (Hellenestic)

Laccon and his two sons-Medium

Sculpture 

The Pantheon- What period

Rome

The pantheon- Medium

Architecture

Hagia Sophia-Period

Early Christian or Byzantine

Hagia Sophia- Medium

Architecture- church

Kyrie- Period

Romanesque/gothic

Kyrie-Medium

Music

Reims Cathedral-period

Gothic

Reims Cathedral- medium

architecture

Messe de Nostre Dame- period 

Gothic 

Messe de nostre Dame- medium

music (polyphonic) 

Ethos in relation to music 

Idea that scales of music could influence how you feel, think and character, and behavior (Greeks and earliest Christians)

Postel and Lintel

Vertical columns with a horizontal roof or top layer

Roman Architectual innovations

Arch, groined vault, dome

Groin vault

two barrel vaults that intersect together

Dome

when you think of the dome think of rome

Christendom

Religious unity because everyone believes in the same religion, and would have submitted to church authority

Asceticism

Denying contemporary worldly pleasures for eternal reward. (Ex: Monks, vows of silence, fasting)

Scholasticism

educational, philosophical, academic environment fo the late middle ages

Tympanum

sculptural, decorative piece above a doorway of a church or cathedral

Liturgy

public worship (prayers, readings, rituals, songs or chants)

Liturgical Calendar 

schedule of religious season, feasts, and observances used in worship throughout the year 

Mass

central worship service: Liturgy of the word, and eucharist 

Ordinary 

Stays the same every time no matter what 

Proper

Changes depending on the liturgical calendar

Flying Buttresses

Gothic period: Allows to build higher, and allows light to come in, bigger vertical spaces

Church Modes

system of music

Stained Glass

art form that developed because of flying buttresses, visual depictions of biblical scenes, characters, in colored panes of glass

Organum

Take preexisting melodies and add another part. Two melodies happening at the same time.

Humanism 

Focus on human experiences 

Rationalism 

Belief that treason and logic are the ways to understand the world. 

Worldliness

Focus on the world of right now in present 

Otherworldliness

focus on the afterlife

Beauty

quality in art that evokes a emotional response or shows meaning 

Sublime

Awe-inspiring, overwhelming

Complexity

More is more

Grotesque

evoking emotion from dark subjects or emotions

Emotionalism

art should express strong feelings.

Study the lecture about the impact of Christianity on western culture. Know the historical circumstances. What were the values that Christianity as a new religion in the world were bringing to the table and how did that impact what people were doing in the arts. How are what theyre doing different from the pre Christian world. What is the difference between the pre Christian world and the christian world? How is the Parthenon different from hagia Sophia. How is Christianity as a change of value impacting the arts that are being made 

Christianity introduced new values like modesty, humility, and monotheism, which in art shifted from celebrating multiple gods and humanism to expressing theology. It also led to more religion being integrated into sculptures and architecture. For example the parthenon which was built to honor athena, while the hagia sophia was built to devote to one God by its mosaics, and light shining in. Also by introducing the value of complexity. 

Contemplate how the depictions of the human person have changed over time. 3 examples from different periods. How the values around depicting human have changed. Mycerinus and his queen lacoon and his two sons, statues from Reims cathedral. What’s changed? Whats changing in terms of the values of how people are being affected 

The depictions of humans have changed over time in 3 different time periods. In ancient egypt, ancient greek, and gothic periods. In mycerinus and his queen they are depicted as perfect, in lacoon and his two sons they are depicted with emotionalism/ emotion, in the statues of the reims cathedral they are not built to glorify humans, and the art is very modest.