OX Final Review

anterior column

anterior longitudinal ligament
anterior annulus fibrosus
anterior 2/3 of vertebral body

middle column

posterior 1/3 of vertebral body
posterior longitudinal ligament
posterior annulus fibrosus

posterior column

posterior arch
ligamentum flavum
intraspinous ligament
supraspinous ligament
pedicles
spinous process
laminae
facets

cervical facet orientation

horizontal

thoracic facet orientation

45 degrees

lumbar facet orientation

vertical

dennis type 1

compression
flexion + compression
anterior columns

dennis type 2

burst
compression + flexion
anterior and middle columns

dennis type 3

chance/lap belt
flexion + distraction
middle and posterior columns

dennis type 4

fracture dislocation
translation, flexion, rotation, shear
anterior, middle, and posterior columns

dens type 1

stable
most deadly
chip at odontoid

dens type 2

unstable
most common
neck of odontoid
highest incidence of nonunion

dens type 3

unstable
down in body of odontoid

jefferson fx

C1
axial load

hangman fx

C2
hyperextension plus distraction
middle column

odontoid fx

C2
shear plus compression

osteoporosis type 1

estrogen deficiency

osteoporosis type 2

calcium deficiency

spondylosis

age related wear and tear
formation of osteophytes & thinning of intervertebral disc

spondylolisis

unilateral or bilateral defect in par interarticularis w/o slippage

spondylolithesis

unilateral or bilateral defect in neural arch w/ forward displacement of cephalad vertebra over adjacent caudal vertebrae

spondylolithesis grade 1

1-25% slippage

spondylolithesis grade 2

25-50% slippage

spondylolithesis grade 3

50-75% slippage

spondylolithesis grade 4

75-100% displacement

OX for Jefferson

HALO

Ox for Hangman/Odontoid

HALO Vest

OX for C3-C7 Anterior Compression FX

rigid collar

OX for whiplash

soft collar

OX for C3-C7 unilateral facet dislocation

Hard collar

Ox for T1-T8 Anterior Compression, Burst Fx, T9-12 Chance Fx

Hyperextension Ox

Ox for L3-L5 spondy

Custom LSO TLSO

LSO Soft

LSO corset

LSO Sagittal

Chair Back

LSO Sagittal Coronal

Knight

LSO Polymer

BOB

LSO Posterior Coronal

Williams Flexion

TLSO Soft

TLSO corset

TLSO Sagittal

Taylor

TLSO Sagittal Coronal

Knight Taylor

TLSO Polymer

BOB

TLSO Anterior Control

Jewett

LSO corset indications

LBP
Herniations
Post Op

Chair Back Indications

LBP
Herniations
Posterior Column Fx L3-S2

Knight Indications

LBP
Herniations
Middle Column & Posterior Column Fx L3-L2

Williams Flexion Indications

Posterior Column Fx
Dengenerative Paths

TLSO Corset Indications

Osteoporsis
Chronic Back Pain

Taylor Indications

Compression Fx
Hyperkyphosis
Back Pain
Osteoarthritis

Knight Taylor Indications

Middle Column Injuires

TLSO Bob Indications

Spondy
Fx T9 and down

LSO Bob Indications

Spondys

Jewett Indications

Burst Fx
Seatbelt Injury
Compression Fx

Scoli Progression Risk Factors

Age
Sex
Menarche
Risser
Curve Pattern

curves 25-40

ox treatment

curves over 45

surgery

curves under 25

observation

King I

double curve, lumbar larger than thoracic

King II

Double Curve, thoracic larger than lumbar

King III

thoracic curve, does not cross midline

King IV

Long thoracic curve, L5 centered over pelvis

King V

double thoracic curve

thoracic spine rotation leads to

deformed thorax

lumbar spine rotation leads to

pelvic obliquity

31 yo Female, burst fx. Before taking and impression and maintaing sagittal alignment, you would want to knw the status of what ligaments?

ALL, PLL

SOMI stands for

Sternal Occipital Mandibular Immobilizer

In lumbar spine,where does most sagittal motion occur?

L5-S1

Is load of spine greater in sitting or standing?

sitting

Scotty Dog Phenomena

pars defect as result of spondylolysis

What type of fractures ar most common?

anterior compression

hyperkyphosis

>45

What fracture is most likely asscoiacted with axial load.

Burst

Hypokyphosis

<20

What ox for T11 compression fracture

TLSO anterior control

TLSO sagittal control doesn’t use what component?

thoracic band

What ox for L1 burst fracture?

TLSO polymer

What segment of spine has least amount of transverse motion?

lumbar

What ox for T12 burst fx?

Knight Taylor

What ox for L4 disc herniation?

LSO corset

What ox for T12 seatbelt fx?

Knight Taylor

What orthosis for scoliosis uses a dynamic strap attachment to a pad to apply corrective forces?

Rosenberger

superior anterior trimlines

13 mm inferior to sternal notch

inferior anterior trimlines

13mm superior to pubic symphysis

superior lateral trimlines

13-25mm inferior to axilla

inferior lateral trimlines

13mm of greater trochanter

superior posterior trimlines

13-25 mm inferior to spine of scapula

inferior posterior trimlines

13mm superior to seat of firm chair

Incomplete Cord Injury: anterior cord

caudal motor loss
areflexia
loss of pain and temporary sensation
poor prognosis

Incomplete Cord Injury: posterior cord

rare as pure posterior
loss of deep pressure, pain, proprioception
good prognosis

Incomplete Cord Injury: brown-sequard

1 side of spinal cord
ipsilateral motor deficit
contralateral loss of pain and temporary sensation
good prognosis

TLSO Flexion Control other names

TLSO Anterior Control
TLSO Hyperextension

TLSO Flexion Control options

Jewett
Cash

TLSO Flexion Control donning position

½” inferior to sternal notch
½” superior to pubic symphysis

TLSO Sag Cor Control other name

Knight Taylor

TLSO Sag Cor Control contains

Thoracic band
Pelvic Band
Paraspinal Bars
Lateral Bars
Interscapular Band
Axillary Straps
Cowhorns

TLSO Sag Cor Control Thoracic Band Donning Position

1” inferior to xyphoid
1” inferior to most inferior scap
Superior border at T9-T10

TLSO Sag Cor Control Pelvic Band Donning Position

1” superior to pubic symphysis
1 finger width superior to troc
Laterally bars midway between iliac crest and troc
Posteriorly at S2

TLSO Sag Cor Control Paraspinal Bars Donning Position

4-5cm between paraspinal bars with extended flares to follow shape of scap
End 10mm inferior to spine of scap

TLSO Sag Cor Control indications

Middle Column Injuries

LSO Sagittal Coronal other name

Knight

LSO Sagittal Coronal contains

Thoracic Band
Pelvic Band
Paraspinal Bars
Lateral Bars