Chapter 5: Exercises (Part 4)

Hiatal hernia

Protrusion of the upper part of the stomach through the diaphragm

Dysentery

Painful, inflamed intestines caused by bacterial infection

Hemorrhoids

Swollen, twisted veins in the rectal region

Peptic ulcer

Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum

Ileus

Loss of peristalsis (paralysis of intestinal muscle)

Volvulus

Twisting of the intestine on itself

Esophageal varices

Swollen, varicose veins on the surface of the distal portion of the esophagus

Diverticulosis

Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall

Ulcerative colitis

Chronic inflammation of the colon with destruction of its inner surface

Intussusception

Telescoping of the intestines (one segment slips into another)

Viral hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver caused by type A, type B, or type C virus

Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas

Cholecystolithiasis (cholelithiasis)

Calculi in the sac that store bile

Cirrhosis

Chronic degenerative liver disease with scarring resulting from alcoholism or infectious hepatitis

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain, bloating) with no evidence of structural abnormalities

Cholecystectomy

Removal of the gallbladder

Sublingual

Pertaining to under the tongue

Pancreas

Organ under the stomach that produces insulin and digestive enzymes

Achlorhydria

Absence of acid in the stomach

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Return of solids and fluids to the mouth from the stomach

Uvulectomy

Removal of soft tissue (uvula) hanging from the roof of the mouth

Lithogenesis

Formation of stones