During an environmental emergency, patients who are under the influence of alcohol:
A. tend to be affected more rapidly and severely.
B. tend to better tolerate excessive heat and cold.
C. are more acutely aware of the effects of heat and cold.
D. are better able to conserve body heat.
A. tend to be affected more rapidly and severely.
Which of the following combinations of findings makes a patient with a potential heat-related emergency the highest priority for transport?
A. Moist skin and muscle cramps
B. Profuse perspiration and pale skin
C. Hot skin and altered mental status
D. Cool skin and a weak pulse
C. Hot skin and altered mental status
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During an environmental emergency, patients who are under the influence of alcohol:
A. tend to be affected more rapidly and severely.
B. tend to better tolerate excessive heat and cold.
C. are more acutely aware of the effects of heat and cold.
D. are better able to conserve body heat.
A. tend to be affected more rapidly and severely.
Which of the following combinations of findings makes a patient with a potential heat-related emergency the highest priority for transport?
A. Moist skin and muscle cramps
B. Profuse perspiration and pale skin
C. Hot skin and altered mental status
D. Cool skin and a weak pulse
C. Hot skin and altered mental status
At what body temperature does shivering typically occur?
A. Around 79degreesF
B. Above 101degrees F
C. Below 74degrees F
D. Around 96degrees F
D. Around 96degrees F
Why does high-altitude pulmonary edema take longer to develop than acute mountain sickness or high-altitude cerebral edema?
A. It does not develop until the body starts compensating for the change in atmospheric pressure.
B. It takes several days for fluid to build up in the lungs.
C. It develops as a complication of acute mountain sickness.
D. It is a less serious condition than acute mountain sickness or high-altitude cerebral edema.
B. It takes several days for fluid to build up in the lungs.
Which of the following is a sign of severe hypothermia?
A. Tachypnea
B. Tachycardia
C. Absence of shivering
D. Shivering
C. Absence of shivering
A 38-year-old male is in the water, and requires rescue. Which of the following would be best to extend to him to pull him to safety?
A. Rope
B. Your hand
C. A towel
D. Fishing line
A. Rope
When performing active rewarming, you should:
A. not delay transport.
B. keep the patient moving.
C. massage the patient's extremities.
D. intermittently remove and apply heat packs.
A. not delay transport.
How does the body compensate in the short term for the increased atmospheric pressure - and resulting decreased amount of air to breathe - at increased altitudes?
A. A person breathes more rapidly and more deeply.
B. A person breathes more slowly and less deeply.
C. A person breathes rapidly and less deeply.
D. A person breathes more slowly and more deeply.
A. A person breathes more rapidly and more deeply.
In a water-related accident, which of the following is LEAST likely to lead to an airway obstruction?
A. Swollen tissues in the neck
B. Hypothermia
C. Foreign matter in the airway
D. Water in the lungs
B. Hypothermia
Which of the following descriptions best characterizes deep frostbite?
A. The body's core temperature drops below 95degrees F.
B. The epidermis turns red from exposure to the cold.
C. Body tissue becomes frozen.
D. Vasoconstriction and decreasing circulation develop.
C. Body tissue becomes frozen.
A 41-year-old man was found in the back yard by a neighbor. The weather is hot and humid, and the patient had been doing yard work all day. The patient's skin is red, hot, and moist, and his clothes show signs of heavy perspiration. He is not alert, but responds to verbal stimuli. Which of the following heat-related emergencies should you most suspect?
A. Transient ischemic attack
B. Heat cramps
C. Hypothermia
D. Heat stroke
D. Heat stroke
Which of the following is a mechanism that causes the body to lose heat?
A. Water chill
B. Conduction
C. Wind chill
D. Perspiration
B. Conduction
A man is spending a day fishing in an area where temperatures are over 90degrees F. Which of the following conditions would be most likely to increase his risk of a heat-related emergency?
A. Drinking a quart of sports drink every 2 hours
B. Wearing a light-colored shirt and shorts
C. Having a few beers while fishing
D. Feeling a light but hot breeze
C. Having a few beers while fishing
Which of the following is often a precipitating factor in adolescent and adult drowning?
A. Suicide attempts
B. Cardiac dysrhythmias
C. Drug or alcohol use
D. Seizures
C. Drug or alcohol use
Which of the following is a poisonous snake native to the United States?
A. Copperhead
B. Corn snake
C. Rat snake
D. Garter snake
A. Copperhead
How would you classify an environmental emergency in which a child stepped on a sea urchin and got the spine embedded in his foot?
A. A bite or sting
B. A heat- or cold-related injury
C. An altitude injury
D. A water-related injury
A. A bite or sting
Which of the following is typically a source of heat for the body?
A. Radiation
B. Convection
C. Conduction
D. Shivering
D. Shivering
During primary assessment of a hypothermic patient, you should:
A. assume the patient is severely hypothermic.
B. apply active rewarming techniques.
C. determine the extent of the hypothermia.
D. check the patient's orientation to person, place, and time, if the patient is awake.
D. check the patient's orientation to person, place, and time, if the patient is awake.
You are caring for an unresponsive hypothermic patient who was found outdoors. Once you have determined the scene is safe, which of the following is your first priority?
A. Getting the patient out of the cold environment
B. Removing wet clothing from the patient
C. Opening the patient's airway
D. Assessing the patient's core temperature
A. Getting the patient out of the cold environment
Which of the following occurs when the body perspires or gets wet?
A. Convection
B. Conduction
C. Evaporation
D. Respiration
C. Evaporation
If you must try to pull a victim in the water to safety with your hand, how should you be positioned?
A. Seated with legs crossed
B. Bent forward about 45 degrees
C. Standing erect
D. On your stomach
D. On your stomach
Which of the following statements about environmental emergencies is true?
A. Environmental emergencies can occur in any setting - wilderness, rural, suburban, and urban.
B. Very few environmental emergencies occur in wilderness, rural, suburban, or urban settings.
C. Almost all environmental emergencies occur in the wilderness or in rural settings.
D. Urban and suburban settings are the most common sites of environmental emergencies.
A. Environmental emergencies can occur in any setting - wilderness, rural, suburban, and urban.
Which of the following body areas is most susceptible to frostnip?
A. Nose
B. Medial aspects of the upper arm
C. Abdominal area
D. Posterior thighs
A. Nose
Which of the following is included in emergency care of a patient with a heat-related emergency who has moist, pale-to-normal skin?
A. Placing the patient in Fowler's position
B. Giving the patient water for nausea or cramps
C. Immersing the patient in a tub of cold water with ice
D. Loosening or removing clothing to cool the patient
D. Loosening or removing clothing to cool the patient
High humidity:
A. warms inhaled air.
B. increases convection.
C. absorbs more heat.
D. slows evaporation.
D. slows evaporation.
Which of the following is the highest priority in managing a patient with a heat-related emergency?
A. Remove as much of the patient's clothing as possible.
B. Move the patient to a cool environment.
C. Apply high-flow oxygen by nonrebreather mask.
D. Mist the patient with water, and fan the patient.
B. Move the patient to a cool environment.
You may encounter airway resistance as you ventilate a drowning victim. This means that:
A. you should attempt to suction away water from inside the patient prior to providing ventilations.
B. you will probably have to ventilate more forcefully than with other patients.
C. attempts at ventilating a drowning victim are unlikely to be successful.
D. vomiting is unlikely, and so airway management is easier.
B. you will probably have to ventilate more forcefully than with other patients.
Which of the following is a characteristic early sign of frostbite?
A. The skin of the affected area is white and waxy.
B. The affected area is frozen solid.
C. The skin of the affected area is grayish-blue.
D. The body core temperature is less than 95degrees F.
A. The skin of the affected area is white and waxy.
Cooling or freezing particular parts of the body is:
A. wind chill.
B. air chill.
C. local cooling.
D. conduction.
C. local cooling.
Which of the following patients will show the effects of a heat or cold emergency sooner than most other patients?
A. A patient who works outdoors regularly
B. A patient who is 35 years old
C. A patient with a history of hypertension
D. A chronically ill patient
D. A chronically ill patient
Which of the following statements is true of insect bites and stings?
A. Twenty percent of the population will have an allergic reaction to insect stings and bites.
B. The possibility of death or crippling injury from a scorpion bite is extremely high.
C. Most people who are stung by an insect develop an anaphylactic reaction.
D. Most insect bites and stings are considered minor unless the patient has an allergic reaction.
D. Most insect bites and stings are considered minor unless the patient has an allergic reaction.
Which of the following CANNOT be provided effectively while a drowning victim is still in the water?
A. Rescue breathing
B. Chest compressions
C. Spinal precautions
D. Bleeding control
B. Chest compressions
Which of the following interventions is indicated for all hypothermic patients?
A. Active rewarming
B. Heat packs to the extremities
C. Heat packs to neck and armpits
D. Passive rewarming
D. Passive rewarming
In cold weather, which of the following persons is most susceptible to a cold emergency?
A. A warmly dressed person lying flat on the cold ground
B. A person dressed in warm athletic clothing who is running
C. A person dressed warmly and walking
D. A warmly dressed person sitting next to a heat source
A. A warmly dressed person lying flat on the cold ground
You are treating a patient at 6,000 feet altitude. The patient arrived about eight hours ago, and reports a diffuse headache that he describes as being similar to a hangover, though he has not consumed any alcohol. He also reports feeling nauseous. Assessment of his vital signs reveals tachycardia. Based on these symptoms, the patient is most likely experiencing:
A. acute mountain sickness.
B. fatigue related to a change in altitude.
C. high-altitude pulmonary edema.
D. high-altitude cerebral edema.
A. acute mountain sickness.
Which of the following statements about the body's response to heat loss is true?
A. Shivering stops when the patient becomes severely hypothermic.
B. The skin becomes flushed.
C. The first response to a decrease in body temperature is vasodilation.
D. The initial reaction to hypothermia is a drop in heart rate.
A. Shivering stops when the patient becomes severely hypothermic.
Venom is a toxin:
A. manufactured by humans.
B. secreted by plants.
C. produced as a byproduct of a chemical process.
D. produced by certain animals.
D. produced by certain animals.
If you are caring for a patient with a bee sting and the stinger is still present, what is the best course of action?
A. Slowly and carefully remove it by scraping with a blade or card.
B. Use a specially designed tweezer device to remove it.
C. Leave it in place until arrival at the hospital.
D. Remove it quickly by the best means available.
D. Remove it quickly by the best means available.
Rough handling of a hypothermic patient may lead to:
A. tachycardia.
B. spontaneous fractures.
C. ventricular fibrillation.
D. hypertension.
C. ventricular fibrillation.
Which of the following best describes heat exhaustion?
A. An increase in core body temperature above 104degrees F
B. Swelling in the hands and feet, with lightheadedness on standing up too quickly
C. A condition characterized by fluid and salt loss
D. Loss of electrolytes and buildup of lactic acid in the muscles
C. A condition characterized by fluid and salt loss
Which of the following steps is included in the emergency care of a patient who was bitten by a poisonous snake?
A. Applying an ice pack
B. Applying a paste of baking soda and water to the sting site
C. Applying a tourniquet above and below the injection site
D. Keeping any bitten extremities immobilized and still
D. Keeping any bitten extremities immobilized and still
What effect does humidity have on the efficiency of evaporative heat loss?
A. Heat loss is reduced by higher humidity.
B. Heat loss is not affected by humidity.
C. The effect of humidity on heat loss is unpredictable.
D. Heat loss is increased by higher humidity.
A. Heat loss is reduced by higher humidity.
When caring for a patient with high-altitude cerebral edema or high-altitude pulmonary edema, what is your priority?
A. Administering high-concentration oxygen
B. Ensuring proper hydration
C. Arranging for immediate descent to a lower altitude
D. Minimizing physical activity
C. Arranging for immediate descent to a lower altitude
Which of the following conditions is associated with a breakdown in the body's heat-regulating mechanisms and a dramatic and dangerous increase in core body temperature?
A. Heat exhaustion
B. Heat stroke
C. Heat collapse
D. Heat cramps
B. Heat stroke
When too little heat is generated to be available to all parts of the body, then:
A. exposed tissues are damaged, and body functions reduce or cease.
B. muscular activity in the form of shivering increases.
C. the body reduces perspiration to compensate.
D. the body reduces circulation to compensate.
A. exposed tissues are damaged, and body functions reduce or cease.
You are caring for a patient with a suspected heat-related emergency. The patient is confused, and presents with cool, moist skin; nausea; and vomiting. How should the patient be transported?
A. Trendelenburg position
B. Supine position
C. Fowler's position
D. On the left side
D. On the left side
For a patient with severe hypothermia, you:
A. should avoid both passive and active rewarming until reaching the emergency department.
B. provide passive rewarming but do not actively rewarm the patient.
C. provide both passive and active rewarming to the patient.
D. should actively rewarm the patient as soon as possible.
B. provide passive rewarming but do not actively rewarm the patient.
Which of the following is most common after an insect bite?
A. Localized pain or itching
B. Hemorrhage
C. Hypotension
D. Seizures
A. Localized pain or itching
Which of the following items is most important to have immediately available in managing a drowning victim?
A. Nonrebreather mask
B. A blood pressure cuff
C. Backup AED
D. Suction
D. Suction
Which of the following is NOT an example of an environmental emergency?
A. Peritonitis
B. Heat exhaustion
C. Jellyfish sting
D. High-altitude cerebral edema
A. Peritonitis
You suspect that your patient has a deep local cold injury. Which of the following signs or symptoms would you expect?
A. White, waxy-appearing skin
B. Reddened or lightened skin
C. Numbness of the affected area
D. Skin that remains soft but is cold to the touch
A. White, waxy-appearing skin
In a hot environment, the air being inhaled:
A. is always the same temperature as exhaled air.
B. might be warmer than the air being exhaled.
C. is cooled when it is exhaled.
D. is still much colder than the air being exhaled.
B. might be warmer than the air being exhaled.
Which of the following is used to reduce the pain from injection of venom by a marine animal?
A. Cold water
B. Saline solution
C. Hot water
D. Ice
C. Hot water
Ventilating a drowning victim too quickly or forcefully will likely cause:
A. anxiety in the patient.
B. improved BVM compliance.
C. increased cardiac output.
D. significant gastric distention.
D. significant gastric distention.
Which of the following is most likely related to cardiac arrest in a drowning victim?
A. Spinal trauma
B. Respiratory arrest
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Cardiac dysrhythmias
B. Respiratory arrest
During transport of a hypothermic patient who is alert and responding appropriately, and whom local protocols dictate you may actively rewarm, you should:
A. gently apply heat to the patient's body.
B. remove the patient from the cold environment.
C. remove all the patient's wet clothing.
D. wrap the patient in dry blankets.
A. gently apply heat to the patient's body.
Which of the following may be dangerous if done incorrectly or used when not indicated?
A. Applying a thermal blanket
B. Removing wet clothing
C. Active rewarming
D. Passive rewarming
C. Active rewarming
You suspect that your patient is suffering from severe hypothermia. When checking for a pulse, you should check for:
A. at least 60 seconds.
B. no more than 10 seconds.
C. 30-45 seconds.
D. 6 seconds.
A. at least 60 seconds.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Pediatric and geriatric patients are especially at risk for hypothermia.
B. Pediatric patients are physiologically well equipped to deal with extreme cold.
C. Only patients who are outdoors are at risk for a heat or cold emergency.
D. Hypothermia is not a risk unless the ambient temperature is at or near freezing.
A. Pediatric and geriatric patients are especially at risk for hypothermia.
When treating patients with environmental emergencies, it is important to remember such emergencies:
A. may involve preexisting conditions or involve additional injuries.
B. are highly unlikely to occur in urban or suburban areas.
C. typically represent direct threats to your personal safety.
D. involve few signs or symptoms to help you determine proper care.
B. are highly unlikely to occur in urban or suburban areas.
Which of the following statements should you use as a guideline in managing patients with a local cold injury?
A. Gently massage the affected part to break down ice crystals in the tissues.
B. If the patient must walk to get to help, first thaw an affected lower extremity.
C. Do not re-expose the patient to cold.
D. Immediately thaw the affected extremity, even if rescue conditions may lead it to be refrozen.
C. Do not re-expose the patient to cold.
Which of the following types of patients typically have an ineffective shivering response to cold?
A. Behavioral patients
B. Adolescent patients
C. Pediatric patients
D. Pregnant patients
C. Pediatric patients
Your patient is a 38-year-old female who was mowing the lawn where the outdoor temperature was 96degrees F with 80% humidity. She is sitting outside on the porch, complaining of severe cramping in the calves of her legs. Which of the following should be your first step in managing this patient?
A. Have the patient drink two 16-oz. bottles of cold water.
B. Get the patient out of the hot environment.
C. Assist the patient in gently stretching her calf muscles.
D. Place the patient in a cold water bath.
B. Get the patient out of the hot environment.
What is the correct order of procedures for a water rescue?
A. Go, throw and tow, row, and reach
B. Reach, throw and tow, row, and go
C. Throw and tow, reach, go, and row
D. Throw and tow, reach, row, and go
B. Reach, throw and tow, row, and go
A patient has "the bends" following a deep sea dive. The patient's condition is likely due to:
A. severe hypothermia.
B. nitrogen narcosis.
C. compression injury.
D. decompression sickness.
D. decompression sickness.
Which of the following statements best describes conductive heat loss?
A. The transfer of heat from one material to another through direct contact
B. The process of breathing in cold air from the atmosphere
C. The transfer of heat from one material to another without physical contact
D. The process of a liquid or solid's changing to a vapor
A. The transfer of heat from one material to another through direct contact
A victim is in the water, and requires rescue. She is too far out in the water to pull to safety from where you stand. You should:
A. instruct her to attempt to float on her back.
B. walk her through a simple swim stroke.
C. tell her to control her breathing.
D. throw her something that floats.
D. throw her something that floats.
You are enjoying some time at the beach on your day off when you hear a swimmer crying for help. As you spot the swimmer about 30 feet from shore, she cries out again but appears to be getting weaker. Although there is no lifeguard on duty, there is a rowboat and a ring buoy available. Assuming you do not know how to swim or consider yourself a poor swimmer, which of the following should you do first?
A. Use the buoy to float out to the swimmer.
B. Call for help and try to throw the buoy to the swimmer.
C. Find someone who can swim to try to swim out and save the swimmer.
D. Row the boat out to the swimmer.
B. Call for help and try to throw the buoy to the swimmer.
Which of the following should the EMT do during the treatment of localized cold injury?
A. Gradually warm the affected area.
B. Encourage the patient to use the affected part.
C. Rub the affected area with snow.
D. Massage the affected area.
A. Gradually warm the affected area.
Which of the following increases a scuba diver's risk of decompression sickness?
A. Diving on a full stomach
B. Breathing 100% oxygen before a dive
C. Flying within several hours after a dive
D. Taking cold or sinus medications before a dive
C. Flying within several hours after a dive
The purpose of a constricting band after a venomous snake bite is to impede the spread of which of the following?
A. Lymph
B. Arterial blood
C. Venom
D. Both A and C
C. Venom
Which of the following is not a classification of localized cold injury?
A. Hypothermia
B. Frostbite
C. Frostnip
D. All of the above
A. Hypothermia
Your patient is a 44-year-old female with a history of alcoholism. She has been walking around at an outdoor fair on a hot, sunny day. She is disoriented to time; has hot, dry skin; and appears to be generally weak. Which of the following is the appropriate sequence of treatment for this patient?
A. Get as much ice as possible from the food vendors at the fair, place the patient in a large container of ice, and apply oxygen by nonrebreather mask.
B. Have the patient stand outside the ambulance and slowly drink an electrolyte solution or sports drink.
C. Give oxygen by nonrebreather mask, remove heavy clothing, and place cold packs on her neck, armpits, and groin.
D. Give oxygen by nonrebreather mask and have the patient rest, monitoring the patient's improvement over time at the scene.
C. Give oxygen by nonrebreather mask, remove heavy clothing, and place cold packs on her neck, armpits, and groin.
You respond to a boat dock for a diving injury. You find a 22-year-old female patient unresponsive with frothy blood in the mouth and lung sounds absent on the right side. The patient is breathing 28 times a minute. The patient's friends state they were diving when she unexpectedly came out of the water complaining of chest pains and then collapsed. The nearest hospital is 25 minutes away and the nearest specialty resource center with a hyperbaric chamber is 30 minutes away. What is the best decision when determining transport?
A. Transport the patient by ground to the specialty center.
B. Transport the patient by air medical to the specialty center.
C. Transport the patient to the nearest facility.
D. Transport the patient by air medical to the nearest facility.
A. Transport the patient by ground to the specialty center.
Your patient is a 24-year-old man who smoked a cigarette dipped in formaldehyde and then went outside with no shoes on and walked in the snow for about an hour. He has deep local cold injuries to both feet. Which of the following should be included in your management of this patient?
A. Break blisters before wrapping both feet in sterile dressings.
B. Keep the patient cool to avoid rewarming the feet too quickly.
C. Gradually rewarm both feet.
D. Massage the feet briskly.
C. Gradually rewarm both feet.
When the body is in water, how many times faster does it lose heat than when it is in still air?
A. 100
B. 25
C. 10
D. 2
B. 25
Heat stroke is caused by which of the following mechanisms?
A. Heat-induced swelling of brain tissue
B. Failure of temperature regulation mechanisms
C. Blockage of blood flow to the brain
D. Extreme dilation of all the blood vessels
B. Failure of temperature regulation mechanisms
You respond to a professional volleyball tournament for a potential heat stroke. Upon arrival you find a 28-year-old male patient seated inside the air-conditioned first aid trailer. He is alert and in obvious distress. He is complaining of severe cramping of his arms and legs. His vital signs are stable. What is the most likely cause of the cramping?
A. Cooling off too quickly
B. Sweating too much
C. Heat exhaustion
D. Drinking too many sports drinks
B. Sweating too much
Which of the following can cause a wound with a characteristic lesion with a bite that is often painless?
A. Scorpion
B. Hornet
C. Black widow spider
D. Brown recluse spider
D. Brown recluse spider
Which of the following best describes a localized cold injury with a clear line of demarcation of its limits?
A. Late frostbite
B. Deep frostnip
C. Hypothermia
D. Early frostnip
D. Early frostnip
Which of the following signs would you least expect to see in a patient suffering from severe hypothermia?
A. Heavy shivering
B. Skin cool to the touch
C. Drowsiness
D. Numbness
A. Heavy shivering
To assess skin temperature for a possibly hypothermic patient, the EMT should place the back of his hand against which part of the patient's body?
A. Abdomen
B. Cheek
C. Inner wrist
D. Forehead
A. Abdomen
You respond to a landing zone to pick up a skier who was lost in the woods for 36 hours and found by the search-and-rescue helicopter. Your patient is a 19-year-old male patient. He is alert and oriented to time, person, place, and event. He is covered in blankets and shivering. He complains of not being able to feel his fingers. Physical exam reveals that the fingers of both extremities have a waxy appearance and feel "frozen" on the surface. After treating the patient for potential hypothermia and rapid transport, your next action is to:
A. keep the digits frozen on ice until they can be properly rewarmed at the hospital.
B. gently warm the digits by slowly massaging them.
C. gently bandage the digits.
D. actively rewarm the digits.
C. gently bandage the digits.
You respond to a farm for a possible snake bite. You find a 36-year-old male patient seated against a tree. Bystanders state the patient was bitten on the arm by a rattlesnake and is "really sick." As you approach, you notice that the patient appears to be in obvious distress and is diaphoretic and holding his right wrist. Which of the following is your highest priority?
A. Immediately apply a constricting band to minimize the spread of the venom.
B. Confirm the location and status of the snake.
C. Perform a primary assessment and identify any potential life threats.
D. Confirm the type of snake and contact medical control for specific instructions.
B. Confirm the location and status of the snake.
Which of the following would you expect to see in a patient with severe hypothermia?
A. Irrational behavior
B. Tachycardia
C. Loss of muscle tone
D. Rapid respirations
A. Irrational behavior
The term gangrene means localized tissue:
A. discoloration.
B. swelling.
C. infection.
D. death.
D. death.
You arrive on the scene to find a scuba diver on board a boat slumped over in the captain's chair with frothy blood in his mouth. The captain states that the diver was down no more than 15 feet when he ascended rapidly and called for help. Which of the following is most likely?
A. Air embolism
B. The bends
C. Decompression sickness
D. Pnemothorax
A. Air embolism
You respond to the scene of a local campground. Your patient is a 15-year-old female patient who was stung in the arm by a bee. The patient is anxious and hyperventilating at 28 times a minute. The patient is alert and oriented to time, place, person, and event. Lung sounds are clear bilaterally. The left arm is swollen and the stinger is not present. Blood pressure is 118/72 and pulse is 110. The patient's mother states the patient is allergic to bee stings and has an epinephrine auto-injector. She called 911 because she was afraid the patient would stop breathing. Which of the following is the best treatment plan?
A. Place a constricting band around the arm to minimize the spread of the venom.
B. Treat the patient for shock and transport.
C. Place the patient in the Trendelenburg position.
D. Assist the patient in administering her epinephrine auto-injector.
B. Treat the patient for shock and transport.
You respond to a construction site on a very hot summer day for a person "not acting right." You find a 38-year-old male patient seated in a work vehicle with the air conditioner on maximum. Coworkers state the patient was working for the last 2 hours pouring concrete when he started "speaking gibberish" and nearly collapsed. The patient is responsive to verbal stimuli. Your initial vital signs are blood pressure 90/60, pulse 136, and respiratory rate 24. The patient's skin is hot to the touch and dry, but his shirt is wet with visible salt rings. Which is the best treatment for the patient?
A. Have the patient drink at least 1 liter of water to replace what he has lost.
B. Have the patient sip water slowly to replace what he has lost.
C. Apply high-concentration oxygen and rapidly transport to the nearest medical facility.
D. Cool the patient with tepid water.
C. Apply high-concentration oxygen and rapidly transport to the nearest medical facility.
When submerged in water, biological death may be delayed if the water temperature is below __degrees F.
A. 32
B. 50
C. 98.6
D. 70
D. 70
You respond to a boat dock for a diving injury. You find a 24-year-old male patient unresponsive with frothy blood in the mouth and lung sounds absent on the right side. The patient is breathing 28 times a minute. The patient's friends state they were diving when he unexpectedly came out of the water complaining of chest pains and then collapsed. What is your first action?
A. Insert an oropharyngeal airway.
B. Suction the airway.
C. Place the patient on high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask.
D. Transport the patient.
B. Suction the airway.
You have responded to a local pool for a drowning patient. Lifeguards have pulled the patient out of the pool prior to your arrival. You find a 22-year-old male patient unresponsive with agonal respirations and a weak carotid pulse. Bystanders state the patient was not using the diving board and was found in the shallow end. Why are cervical spine precautions necessary?
A. The patient may have suffered a spinal injury by jumping in shallow water.
B. The patient may have been using the diving board after all and injured his cervical spine.
C. The patient may have hit his head on the side wall while swimming laps.
D. The patient may have suffered a cervical spine injury when pulled out of the water.
A. The patient may have suffered a spinal injury by jumping in shallow water.
To rescue someone who has fallen through the ice, which of the following is the safest device to use?
A. Ladder
B. Flat-bottomed aluminum boat
C. Ring buoy
D. Jet-ski
B. Flat-bottomed aluminum boat
In mild cases, what may overcome acute mountain sickness?
A. Moving the patient to a higher altitude
B. Rest and rehydration at altitude
C. Vigorous exercise
D. Positive-pressure ventilations
B. Rest and rehydration at altitude
Where should constricting bands be placed to reduce lymphatic flow after a venomous snake bite?
A. 2 inches above and below the bite
B. Directly over the bite
C. 4 inches above and below the bite
D. None of the above
A. 2 inches above and below the bite
Why are infants and young children more prone to hypothermia than adults?
A. Their immune system is not fully developed.
B. They are unable to recognize how cold they are.
C. They shiver more than adults.
D. They have less fat than adults.
D. They have less fat than adults.
In which of the following situations would a person lose heat by conduction?
A. Breathing
B. Sitting on cold metal bleachers at a football game
C. Going outside without a coat during a cold but calm day
D. Wearing wet clothing in windy weather
B. Sitting on cold metal bleachers at a football game
Which of the following types of snake is not a pit viper?
A. Rattlesnake
B. Copperhead
C. Water moccasin
D. Coral snake
D. Coral snake
Which of the following describes the condition of having an abnormally high body temperature?
A. Hyperthermia
B. Perspiration
C. Heat shock
D. Heat exhaustion
A. Hyperthermia
Which of the following is acceptable when actively rewarming a hypothermic patient?
A. Warming the patient as quickly as possible
B. Encouraging the patient to exercise
C. Giving the patient hot coffee
D. Avoid rewarming the limbs
D. Avoid rewarming the limbs