SCHOOL OF THOUGHT

The scientific study of the human mind and behavior.

Psychology

The first psychologist; first to use the scientific method to study the mind and first to build a psychology laboratory in 1879.

Wilhelm Wundt

Different approaches to studying the mind and behavior.

Psychological schools of thought

A school of thought that identifies the basic elements or structures of psychological experience.

Structuralism

A key figure in structuralism who coined the term "structuralism" and was a student of Wilhelm Wundt.

Edward Titchener

A key figure in structuralism and the founder of the first psychology laboratory.

Wilhelm Wundt

The examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes.

Introspection

Its reliance on subjective perception, which contributed to its decline.

Structuralism's limitation

A school of thought that seeks to understand how mental processes operate and how they help individuals adapt to their environment.

Functionalism

The most prominent figure of functionalism, although functionalism had no clear leader.

William James

A school of thought that emphasizes perceiving an object as a whole rather than as separate parts.

Gestalt Psychology

A key figure in Gestalt psychology.

Max Wertheimer

Wolfgang Köhler

Kurt Koffka

A school of thought proposing that behavior is influenced by unconscious drives and emphasizing early life experiences.

Psychoanalysis

A key figure in psychoanalysis.

Sigmund Freud

A key figure in psychosocial.

Erik Erikson

An unconscious force or motivation that influences a person's behavior.

Unconscious drive

Experiences during early development that psychoanalysis considers important in shaping behavior and personality.

Early life experiences

A school of thought focused on observable behavior and proposing that behavior is learned through interaction with the environment.

Behaviorism

A key figure in behaviorism.

John Watson

A key figure in behaviorism known for research on learning and conditioning.

Ivan Pavlov

A key figure in behaviorism known for operant conditioning.

B.F. Skinner

A school of thought focused on understanding mental processes and the internal mental structures and representations that shape behavior and learning.

Cognitivism

A key figure in cognitivism who studied cognitive development.

Jean Piaget

A key figure in cognitivism who emphasized cognitive development and social influences on learning.

Lev Vygotsky

A key figure in cognitivism known for his work on moral development.

Lawrence Kohlberg

A school of thought focused on individual agency, personal growth, and maximizing human potential.

Humanism

A key figure in humanism known for his theory of human needs and motivation.

Abraham Maslow

A key figure in humanism who emphasized personal growth and individual potential.

Carl Rogers

Humanism emerged partly in response to the pessimistic views of psychoanalysis and the disregard for personal agency in behaviorism.

Humanistic psychology's emergence