Q1- Foundations Vocabulary (Part I)

boycott

An organized refusal to buy or use goods as a form of political protest.

repeal

To officially revoke, cancel, or annul a law or act of parliament.

tyranny

Cruel, unreasonable, or arbitrary use of power and control by a ruler or government.

propaganda

Information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread to influence public opinion, promote a specific political cause or point of view, or damage an opposing cause, often through biased, emotional, or misleading claims.

natural rights

Fundamental rights that all human beings are born with—such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness—that no government can take away.

popular sovereignty

The democratic principle that government gets its power directly from the consent of the people ('consent of the governed').

grievance

An official statement of a complaint over something believed to be wrong or unfair.

unalienable

Unable to be taken away, transferred, or denied.

hypocrisy

Preaching or claiming to hold beliefs, standards, or values that one's actual actions contradict.

guerrilla warfare

Unconventional hit-and-run fighting tactics used by smaller, mobile forces against a larger, traditional army.

alliance/ally

A formal agreement or treaty between nations to cooperate and support one another, especially in war.

ratify

To formally approve or give official sanction to a legal document, treaty, or amendment.

sovereignty

The supreme authority and power of a state or nation to govern itself independently.

Separation of Powers

The division of government authority into three distinct branches so no single branch holds total control.

Checks and Balances

A system that gives each branch of government ways to limit or block the actions of the other two branches.

Federalism

A system of government where power is shared and divided between a central national government and state governments.

compromise

An agreement reached by two opposing sides, where each side gives up a portion of their demands.

amendment

A formal addition, change, or modification made to a constitution or legal document.