Chapter 27: Empire and Expansion (1890-1909)

Yellow Journalism

Sensationalized, exaggerated, and misleading reports associated with U.S. newspapers

• stirred up lots of sentiment for war

• shocking stories

• dramatic language

• still present in our society today

Spanish-American, Cuba

Yellow Journalism was particularly important in stirring up sentiment for the ? War

• especially garnered support for American intervention in ? after the explosion of the USS Maine

William Randolph Hearst

Powerful American newspaper publisher who shaped yellow journalism

• owned the New York Journal

• competed directly with Joseph Pulitzer

media, influence

William Randolph Hearst was a powerful figure in American ? and demonstrated the power of having ? over the country

• influenced the Spanish-American War

Alfred Thayer Mahan

U.S. naval Officer and historian who wrote on naval strategy, especially the importance of sea power

• wrote the book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History

military, navy, global trade

Alfred Thayer Mahan significantly impacted U.S. ? policy and helped reshape the ?

• emphasized ? routes through strategic positions

  • played a role in the annexation of

    • Hawaii

    • Puerto Rico

    • Philippines

Big Sister Policy

U.S. Secretary of State James G. Blaine’s diplomatic attempt at rallying Latin American countries behind the U.S.

• promoted economic ties between the Western Hemisphere

influence, success

Blaine’s Big Sister Policy sought to strengthen the ? of the U.S. in the region

• fostered the Pan-American community

• fostered a growing sense of American authority

• basically an immediate ? as it prevented Europe to interfere with America’s goals

USS Maine

U.S. Navy Battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor, becoming the key catalyst for the Spanish-American War

• it was heavily publicized by yellow journalism

• Spain was blamed, but it likely wasn’t even them, more likely an honest accident

Spanish-American, press

The explosion of the USS Maine directly led to the ? War and showcased the power of the ? to influence the country’s way of thought

Cuba

Spanish colony that became the focus of U.S. foreign policy amidst a struggle for independence from Spain

• American intervention started after the USS Maine exploded

Teller Amendment

a provision to the U.S. declaration of war on Spain, ensuring that the U.S. would not annex Cuba after its liberation

• said there were “no imperialistic intentions” 🧢

interventionism, independence

The Teller Amendment ironically presents the balance between ? and respect for ?

• the U.S. would later assert control over Cuba in spite of the Teller Amendment

Spanish-American War

brief conflict in 1898 between Spain and the U.S. primarily over Cuban independence

• sparked by USS Maine explosion + yellow journalism

Paris, Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines

The Treaty of ? which ended the Spanish-American War resulted in Spain ceding ?, ?, and the ? to the U.S.

global imperial

The war between Spain and the U.S. represented a turning point in the U.S. emergence as a ? power

George Dewey

U.S. Naval officer who became a national hero after leading American forces against the Spanish fleet

Manila Bay

George Dewey led American forces in the Battle of ?

naval, tactics

George Dewey serves as an example of American ? power and the rising effectiveness of modern American military ?

Rough Riders

Volunteer cavalry unit formed during Spanish-American War

• led by Theodore Roosevelt

cowboys, athletes, adventurers

The Rough Riders were comprised of many soldiers eager to fight Spain including

• ? (From the Frontier)

• college ?

• Native Americans

• ? (synonym with explorer)

leadership, bravery, fighting

The Rough Riders really showcased Theodore Roosevelt’s ? and ? and helped him become president

• became a symbol of the American ? spirit

Anti-Imperialist League

Organization formed in 1898 to oppose the annexation of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War

• believed imperialism contracted democratic principles

• failed to stop the Treaty of Paris

world, foreign, expansionism

The Anti-Imperialist league represented the growing tensions in America’s role in ? affairs

• part of a long debate on ? policy and especially ?

Platt Amendment

1901 Addition to the Cuban Constitution that outlined the condition that the U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs to protect American interests

• American gained the rights to naval bases on the island

intervene, sovereignty, control

The Platt Amendment basically allowed America to freely ? in Cuba while limiting Cuba’s ?

• Gave the U.S. a considerable amount of ? over the island’s politics, economy, and society

Philippines

one of the Asian countries the U.S. got from the Treaty of Paris after the Spanish-American War

Emilio Aguinaldo

Filipino Revolutionary leader who played a central role in the fight for Philippine Independence from Spain and the U.S

guerrilla, Republic

Emilio Aguinaldo utilized ? warfare tactics in the Philippine-American War

• he sought to establish a Philippine ?

national hero, resistance

Emilio Aguinaldo is regarded as a ? in the Philippines and represents ?

Open Door Policy

Diplomatic term used by U.S. Secretary of State John Jay in 1899 to promote equal trading rights for all nations in China

response, merchants, market

The Open Door Policy was the American ? to the growing European and Japanese influence in China

• America wanted to get their ? in the lucrative Chinese ?

economic, territorial, Asia

The Open Door Policy wasn’t necessarily imperialistic because the U.S. just wanted to gain ? access without direct ? control

• overall, it represented growing interest in ?

Theodore Roosevelt

26th President of the U.S. demonstrating dynamic leadership

• focused on moderate progressiveness and imperial growth

  • busted many “bad” trusts

power, western, stick

Theodore Roosevelt believed in using American ? to maintain order in the ? hemisphere

• also known as Roosevelt’s Big ?

Roosevelt Corollary

a proposition to the Monroe Doctrine that asserted the U.S. right to intervene in Latin American nations to stabilize their governments and economies

Europe, global

the Roosevelt Corollary helped keep ? out of the Western Hemisphere and demonstrated America’s growing ? influence