Urban Settlements IGCSE

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50 Terms

1
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What is urban land use?

Urban land use refers to activities that are found in towns and cities.

2
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What are the four main features all towns and cities show?

A central core, an inner-city zone, a suburban zone, and an urban fringe.

3
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What characterizes the central core of a city?

The central core features the CBD, high-value concentrated retail and office space, pedestrianisation, and limited private vehicle access.

4
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What is meant by the inner city zone?

The inner city zone is older, compact, terraced 'worker' housing centered around transport links and manufacturing.

5
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Describe characteristics of the suburban zone.

The suburban zone consists of residential areas, semi- and detached housing, and smaller retail premises with tree-lined avenues.

6
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What defines the urban fringe?

The urban fringe is where the city meets the countryside, with clusters of housing estates and some industrial land.

7
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What is the Bid-rent theory?

The Bid-rent theory explains how the price and demand for land change as the distance increases from the CBD.

8
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Why are high-rise buildings prevalent in the CBD?

High-rise buildings are prevalent in the CBD due to high demand for property and limited land availability.

9
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What issues do urban areas often face?

Urban areas often face issues such as pollution, inequality, crime, congestion, and land-use change.

10
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What are common solutions to urban challenges?

Solutions include improving public transport, increasing green spaces, recycling, and using brownfield sites for development.

11
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What is gentrification?

Gentrification is the process of transforming a neighborhood to a higher-value area, often displacing lower-income residents.

12
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What are brownfield sites?

Brownfield sites are disused or under-utilized properties that can be redeveloped for new uses.

13
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What advantages do brownfield sites offer?

Brownfield sites help revive old urban areas and reduce the loss of countryside for urban development.

14
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What are the main problems associated with urban sprawl?

Urban sprawl can lead to loss of farmland, increased car dependency, higher pollution levels, and impact on local ecosystems.

15
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How are urban areas affected by the inequalities in housing?

Wealthier individuals can afford better housing in desirable areas, while poorer individuals often live in less desirable, overcrowded conditions.

16
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What is one significant environmental issue related to urban development?

Air pollution is a significant issue, affecting health and well-being due to increased industrial activity and vehicle emissions.

17
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In LEDC cities, what type of housing can often be found on the urban fringe?

Illegal squatter settlements or shanty towns are often found on the urban fringe in LEDC cities.

18
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What impact does urban renewal have on cities?

Urban renewal involves significant improvements to infrastructure and buildings, often revitalizing declining urban areas.

19
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What strategies can improve sustainability in urban areas?

Strategies include using renewable energy, providing public transport, preserving green spaces, and integrating community resources.

20
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What is the role of Urban Development Corporations (UDCs)?

UDCs initiate major changes in urban areas through public and private investments, often focusing on redevelopment.

21
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What is urbanization?

Urbanization is the process of increasing the population in cities and towns compared to rural areas.

22
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What is a megacity?

A megacity is an urban area with a population of over 10 million people.

23
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What is urban planning?

Urban planning is the technical and political process of developing and designing land use for urban areas.

24
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What is mixed land use?

Mixed land use refers to the practice of integrating various land uses in urban development, such as residential, commercial, and recreational.

25
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What are greenbelts?

Greenbelts are zones of greenery around urban areas, meant to prevent urban sprawl and protect rural land.

26
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What does sustainable urban development aim for?

Sustainable urban development aims to create urban environments that meet present needs without compromising future generations.

27
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What is public transportation?

Public transportation includes systems like buses, trains, and subways that provide shared travel for the general public.

28
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What is urban heat island effect?

The urban heat island effect is a phenomenon where urban regions experience higher temperatures than their rural surroundings.

29
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What is land use zoning?

Land use zoning is the practice of dividing land into categories to designate how it can be used, such as residential, commercial, or industrial.

30
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What are the effects of overpopulation in urban areas?

Overpopulation in urban areas can lead to strained resources, increased pollution, traffic congestion, and higher crime rates.

31
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What is urban regeneration?

Urban regeneration is the process of improving and revitalizing urban areas that have deteriorated.

32
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What is urban sustainability?

Urban sustainability refers to creating urban environments that are environmentally sound, socially equitable, and economically viable.

33
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What are smart cities?

Smart cities use digital technology to enhance performance and improve services such as energy management and transportation.

34
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What is the role of local government in urban planning?

Local governments are responsible for land-use regulations, infrastructure development, and community engagement in urban planning.

35
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What is a land trust?

A land trust is a nonprofit organization that works to conserve land and promote sustainable land use.

36
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What are pedestrian-friendly designs?

Pedestrian-friendly designs create walkable environments that prioritize pedestrians over vehicles, enhancing safety and accessibility.

37
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What is mixed-use development?

Mixed-use development combines residential, commercial, and recreational spaces in a single area to foster community interaction.

38
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What is urban resilience?

Urban resilience is the ability of a city to absorb disturbances and adapt to change while maintaining essential functions.

39
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What is public space in urban design?

Public space refers to areas in a city that are open and accessible to all, such as parks, streets, and plazas.

40
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What is land use conflict?

Land use conflict arises when different land uses compete for the same space, leading to disputes among stakeholders.

41
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Urban land use refers to activities that are found in ___ and ___.

towns; cities.

42
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The central core of a city features the ___, high-value concentrated retail and office space.

CBD

43
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The suburban zone consists of residential areas, semi- and detached housing, and smaller retail premises with ___ avenues.

tree-lined

44
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The urban fringe is where the city meets the ___, with clusters of housing estates and some industrial land.

countryside

45
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The Bid-rent theory explains how the price and demand for land change as the distance increases from the ___.

CBD

46
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Urban areas often face issues such as ___, inequality, crime, and congestion.

pollution

47
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Solutions to urban challenges include improving ___ transport and increasing green spaces.

public

48
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Gentrification often transforms a neighborhood to a ___-value area, displacing lower-income residents.

higher

49
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Brownfield sites are disused or under-utilized properties that can be ___ for new uses.

redeveloped

50
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Urban sprawl can lead to loss of farmland and increase in ___ levels.

pollution