1040 Final Exam Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards summarizing key terms and definitions from Units 1–20 of the 1040 Final Exam Study Guide.

Bonding (Families)

The emotional connection between individuals, especially parent and child, that promotes trust and security.

Boundaries (Families)

Limits that define roles, responsibilities, and expectations within family relationships.

Family Role on Interdisciplinary Team

Families supply history, participate in care planning, and advocate for the patient within the healthcare team.

Alzheimer’s Disease

Progressive neurodegenerative disorder that impairs memory, thinking, and behavior.

Medication Management (Geriatrics)

Use of tools such as a medication calendar to organize multiple drugs and reduce errors in older adults.

Caregiver Burnout

Emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion from prolonged caregiving; signs include fatigue, anxiety, and depression.

Benefits of Reminiscence

Encourages older adults to recall past events, boosting mood and cognitive function.

Delirium vs. Dementia

Delirium is acute and reversible; dementia is chronic, progressive, and irreversible.

Signs of Approaching Death

Include decreased appetite, irregular breathing, cold extremities, mottling, and confusion.

Decision-Making and Dignity

Involving patients in end-of-life choices supports autonomy and respect.

Therapeutic Communication

Active listening, presence, silence, and open-ended questions to support grieving individuals.

Allowing Time for Grief

Recognizing grief as individual and permitting expression without rushing the process.

Genetic Disorders

Conditions such as autosomal dominant (Huntington’s), autosomal recessive (cystic fibrosis), and aneuploidy (trisomy 21).

Nursing Role in Genetic Counseling

Provide support, education, referrals, and address ethical concerns like privacy and discrimination.

Newborn Metabolic Screening

Heel-stick blood test to detect genetic/metabolic diseases (e.g., PKU, congenital hypothyroidism).

Pregnancy Hormones

hCG, estrogen, and progesterone maintain pregnancy; oxytocin triggers labor.

Teratogens

Substances (alcohol, certain drugs, infections) that cause fetal malformations.

Heartburn in Pregnancy

Burning sensation due to hormonal relaxation of LES; managed with diet changes and antacids.

Preeclampsia

Hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks’ gestation with risk of seizures and organ damage.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Fertilized ovum implants outside uterus (often tube); can be life-threatening if ruptured.

Placental Hemorrhagic Disorders

Placenta previa and abruption cause bleeding and pose fetal/maternal risks.

Stages of Labor

First (latent, active, transition), second (delivery), third (placenta), fourth (postpartum recovery).

Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) Decelerations

Early = head compression; variable = cord compression; late = placental insufficiency.

Ruptured Membranes Care

Assess FHR, check for cord prolapse, and monitor for infection signs.

Uterine Rupture

Sudden pain and loss of fetal station; requires emergency cesarean section.

Postpartum Cardiovascular/VS Changes

Bradycardia, diaphoresis, and diuresis are expected fluid-shift responses.

Fundal Exam

Uterus should be firm and midline; a boggy uterus indicates atony.

Treatment for Uterine Atony

Fundal massage, oxytocin, methylergonovine, and misoprostol.

Postpartum Bonding

Promoted by skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding.

Perineal Pain Management

Use ice packs, Sitz baths, and analgesics to relieve discomfort.

Preventing Thrombophlebitis

Encourage early ambulation, compression devices, and adequate hydration.

Newborn Infection Signs

Poor feeding, temperature instability, lethargy, and apnea; follow sepsis protocol.

Hypoglycemic Protocol (Newborn)

Monitor glucose, feed promptly if low, and provide IV dextrose when necessary.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Prevention

Back sleeping, firm mattress, no soft bedding, and smoke-free environment.

Neonatal Jaundice

Yellowing of skin/eyes; manage by monitoring bilirubin and providing phototherapy.

Cleft Palate

Congenital opening in the roof of the mouth requiring feeding support and surgery.

Omphalocele

Intestines protrude into umbilical sac; surgical emergency.

Preterm Newborn Characteristics

Thin skin, lanugo, weak suck, and temperature instability.

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

Premature lungs lack surfactant; treat with oxygen and surfactant replacement.

Developmental Screening Tools

Instruments like the Denver II used to monitor infant milestones.

Infant Motor & Language Milestones

Rolls 4-6 mo, sits 6-8 mo, walks 12 mo; pincer grasp 9 mo; cooing progresses to words.

Car Seat Safety

Rear-facing seat until at least age 2 or manufacturer’s weight limit.

Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage

Birth–2 yrs; learning via senses/actions; object permanence emerges.

Toddler Language Development

Rapid vocabulary growth and formation of two-word sentences.

Parallel Play

Toddlers play alongside, not with, peers.

Negativism

Frequent use of “No!” reflecting autonomy development in toddlers.

Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

Ages 2–7; egocentric thinking, symbolic play, and language expansion.

Nighttime Frights

Nightmares or night terrors in preschoolers; require reassurance and routine.

Musculoskeletal Changes (School-Age)

Bones lengthen and strengthen, improving coordination.

School-Age Emotional/Social Development

Peer influence increases and independence grows.

School Refusal

Anxiety-related avoidance of school; assess causes and involve counseling.

Obesity Interventions (Children)

Focus on nutrition education, physical activity, and family participation.

Adolescent Neurologic Development

Frontal lobe maturation continues, affecting judgment and impulse control.

Dating Safety Education

Teaches consent, boundaries, and healthy relationship skills.

Adolescent Discipline

Use natural consequences, clear communication, and consistency.

Erectile Dysfunction

Inability to attain or maintain penile erection; may be vascular or psychogenic.

Sexual Response Cycle

Phases: Desire, Arousal, Orgasm, Resolution.

Premature Ejaculation

Ejaculation sooner than desired; managed with behavioral therapy or medication.

Hypertension Medications & Sexual Dysfunction

Beta-blockers and diuretics can impair sexual performance.

STI Nursing Implications

Education, prevention, screening, and treatment facilitation.

Chlamydia

Often asymptomatic STI treated with azithromycin or doxycycline.

Gonorrhea

Treated with ceftriaxone plus doxycycline for possible coinfection.

Syphilis

Stage-based infection treated with penicillin G.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

Recurrent viral STI managed with antivirals like acyclovir; no cure.

Cervical Cancer

HPV-related malignancy detected via Pap smear screening.

Pelvic Support Disorders

Pelvic organ prolapse managed with pessaries or surgery.

Barrier Birth Control

Condoms and diaphragms that block sperm and reduce STI risk.

PMS/PMDD

Premenstrual syndromes treated with SSRIs, diet, exercise, and stress control.

Testosterone Therapy

Hormone replacement for hypogonadism; monitor cardiovascular risks.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)/Prostate Cancer

Enlarged prostate managed with meds or surgery; PSA screening aids detection.

Erikson’s Intimacy vs. Isolation

Early adulthood task of forming close relationships.

Early Adulthood Psychosocial Development

Focus on identity consolidation and work-life balance.

Normal Physical Changes (Early Adult)

Peak fitness with gradual metabolic slowing.

Nutrition & Exercise (Early Adult)

Balanced diet and regular activity prevent chronic disease.

Weight Management

Caloric balance and physical activity to maintain healthy weight.

Leisure (Early Adulthood)

Engaging in hobbies supports mental health and stress relief.

Safety (Early Adulthood)

Injury prevention measures such as seat belts and moderating alcohol.

Stress (Early Adulthood)

Common sources include work, relationships, and finances.

Mental Health Monitoring (Early Adult)

Watch for anxiety, depression, and substance misuse.

Erikson’s Generativity vs. Stagnation

Middle-age focus on productivity, caregiving, and legacy.

Middle Adulthood Psychosocial Development

Career peak, family transitions, and identity reassessment.

Presbyopia & Presbycusis

Age-related farsightedness and high-frequency hearing loss.

Vision Health (Middle Adult)

Regular eye exams to screen for glaucoma and cataracts.

Exercise (Middle Adult)

Maintains cardiovascular health and bone density.

Cancer Screening (Middle Adult)

Includes mammograms, colonoscopies, and prostate exams.

Osteoporosis Prevention

Adequate calcium, vitamin D, and weight-bearing exercise.

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

Reactivation of varicella virus; vaccine recommended at age 50+.

Nursing as Health Coach

Guiding patients in lifestyle change and self-care management.