Unit 3 Drug List

🧠 1. PENICILLINS = “PENI = PEACE for infections”

• AMPI cillin

• AMOX icillin (Amoxil®)

• DICLOX acillin

• Penicillin (original)

🧠 2. BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITORS = “The BODYGUARD combos” They PROTECT penicillins from destruction

• Clav ulanate + amoxicillin → Augmentin®

• Sulbactam + ampicillin → Unasyn®

• Tazo bactam + piperacillin → Zosyn®

🧠 3. CEPHALOSPORINS = “CEF = CEILING FAN cooling infections”

antibiotics that kill bacteria by preventing them from building their cell wall.

"CEF = Crushes the bacterial wall."

All start with cef- / ceph-

cefaclor      

 cefadroxil   

cephalexin  

cefixime      Suprax®

 ceftriaxone 

 cefdinir       

cefotetan    

         Tetracyclines

👉 “TETRA = teeth + skin + ticks”

👉 Tetracyclines are antibiotics that stop bacteria from making proteins, so they can't grow.

"TETRA = Stops protein production."

🦠🚫🍔 No proteins → No bacterial growth.

tetracycline

doxycycline Vibramycin®

         Tetracyclines

"TETRA = Stops protein production."

🦠🚫🍔 No proteins → No bacterial growth.

👉 “TETRA = teeth + skin + ticks”

minocycline Minocin®

👉 “MACRO = MOUTH + LUNGS infections”

antibiotics that stop bacteria from making proteins, so they can't grow.

"MACRO = Makes bacteria stop making proteins."

Macrolides

erythromycin         

👉 “MACRO = MOUTH + LUNGS infections”

Macrolides/ 🦠🚫🍔 No proteins → No bacterial growth.

antibiotics that stop bacteria from making proteins, so they can't grow.

"MACRO = Makes bacteria stop making proteins."

clarithromycin     

👉 “MACRO = MOUTH + LUNGS infections”

Macrolides

🦠🚫🍔 No proteins → No bacterial growth.

"MACRO = Makes bacteria stop making proteins."

  azithromycin           Z-Pak®, Zithromax®

Aminoglycosides

“AMINO = AUDIO DAMAGE + GUTER KILLERS”

antibiotics that kill bacteria by stopping them from making proteins.

"AMINO = Kills bacteria by stopping proteins."

🦠💀🚫🍔 No proteins → Bacteria die.

streptomycin

Aminoglycosides

🦠💀🚫🍔 No proteins → Bacteria die.

“AMINO = AUDIO DAMAGE + GUTER KILLERS”

"AMINO = Kills bacteria by stopping proteins."

antibiotics that kill bacteria by stopping them from making proteins.

         gentamicin            

Aminoglycosides

“AMINO = AUDIO DAMAGE + GUTER KILLERS”

🦠💀🚫🍔 No proteins → Bacteria die.

tobramycin              Tobrex®

Lincosamides

antibiotics that stop bacteria from making proteins, so they can't grow.

"LINCO = Locks protein production."

🦠🚫🍔 No proteins → No bacterial growth.

         clindamycin            Cleocin®

Sulfonamides

antibiotics that stop bacteria from making folic acid, so they can't grow.

"SULFA = Stops FOLATE."

🦠🚫🌿 No folic acid → No bacterial growth.

sulfasalazine Azulfidine®

sulfisoxazole  

Sulfonamides

antibiotics that stop bacteria from making folic acid, so they can't grow.

"SULFA = Stops FOLATE."

🦠🚫🌿 No folic acid → No bacterial growth.

sulfacetamide  

silver sulfadiazine                       Silvadene®

Sulfonamides

🦠🚫🌿 No folic acid → No bacterial growth.

"SULFA = Stops FOLATE."

antibiotics that stop bacteria from making folic acid, so they can't grow.

         sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim     Bactrim®, Septra®

Fluoroquinolones

antibiotics that kill bacteria by stopping their DNA from copying.

"FLUORO = Flips DNA replication off."

ciprofloxacin           Cipro®

levofloxacin            moxifloxacin         

moxifloxacin

         Miscellaneous Antibiotics

are a group of antibiotics that don't fit into one class but still kill or stop bacterial growth in different ways.

"Misc = mixed group of antibiotics."

🦠⚙ Different mechanisms, same goal: stop bacteria.

         vancomycin            Vancocin®

         Miscellaneous Antibiotics

are a group of antibiotics that don't fit into one class but still kill or stop bacterial growth in different ways.

"Misc = mixed group of antibiotics."

🦠⚙ Different mechanisms, same goal: stop bacteria.

         metronidazole         Flagyl®

Urinary Tract Antiseptics

drugs that kill bacteria in the urine to treat or prevent UTIs.

nitrofurantoin

II.       URINARY TRACT ANALGESICS

drugs that kill bacteria in the urine to treat or prevent UTIs.

🚽🦠❌ Kills bacteria in the urine.

         phenazopyridine     Pyridium®                 

  ANTI-FUNGALS

drugs that kill or stop the growth of fungi that cause infections.

" Against fungus."

amphotericin B      

Fungizone IV®-systemic agent (drug of choice for systemic fungal infection)

  ANTI-FUNGALS

drugs that kill or stop the growth of fungi that cause infections.

" Against fungus."

griseofulvin            

dermatophytic agent (drug of choice for dermatophytic infection)

  ANTI-FUNGALS

drugs that kill or stop the growth of fungi that cause infections.

" Against fungus."

         nystatin                   (drug of choice for oral thrush in peds)

azoles:

antifungal

antifungal drugs that stop fungi from building their cell membrane, so they can't grow.

"AZOLE = Zeros out fungus membranes."

🍄🚫🧱 No cell membrane → fungus dies or stops growing.

ketoconazole           Nizoral®

azoles:

antifungal

antifungal drugs that stop fungi from building their cell membrane, so they can't grow.

"AZOLE = Zeros out fungus membranes."

🍄🚫🧱 No cell membrane → fungus dies or stops growing.

miconazole         Monistat®

azoles:

antifungal

🍄🚫🧱 No cell membrane → fungus dies or stops growing.

fluconazole             Diflucan® (drug of choice for Candidiasis infection)

azoles:

antifungal

🍄🚫🧱 No cell membrane → fungus dies or stops growing.

         clotrimazole            Lotrimin®

  ANTI-MALARIALS

drugs used to prevent and treat malaria caused by parasites transmitted through mosquito bites.

"ANTI-malarial = stops mosquito parasite infection."

🦟🚫🧬 Kills malaria parasite in the blood.

    chloroquine                         Aralen®

  ANTI-MALARIALS

drugs used to prevent and treat malaria caused by parasites transmitted through mosquito bites.

"ANTI-malarial = stops mosquito parasite infection."

🦟🚫🧬 Kills malaria parasite in the blood.

mefloquine

  ANTI-MALARIALS

🦟🚫🧬 Kills malaria parasite in the blood.

  hydroxychloroquine            Plaquenil®

ANTHELMINTICS

"ANTI-HELMINTIC = Anti-worm medicine."

🪱🚫 Kills intestinal parasites (worms).

mebendazole

ANTITUBERCULAR

"ANTI-TB = kills TB bacteria."

medicines used to treat and kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB).

🫁🦠🚫 Stops Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

 ethambutol                          Myambutol®

ANTITUBERCULAR

"ANTI-TB = kills TB bacteria."

medicines used to treat and kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB).

🫁🦠🚫 Stops Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

isoniazid

ANTITUBERCULAR

"ANTI-TB = kills TB bacteria."

medicines used to treat and kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB).

🫁🦠🚫 Stops Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

rifampin. Rifadin®

ANTITUBERCULAR

"ANTI-TB = kills TB bacteria."

medicines used to treat and kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB).

🫁🦠🚫 Stops Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

pyrazinamide                      Tebrazid®

ANTIRETROVIRALS

         Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI)

👉 NRTIs are HIV drugs that block reverse transcriptase so the virus can't copy its genetic material and reproduce.

"NRTI = No RNA → DNA copying."

🧬🚫 Stops HIV from making new copies of itself.

         zidovudine (AZT)               Retrovir®

ANTIRETROVIRALS

         Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI)

👉 NRTIs are HIV drugs that block reverse transcriptase so the virus can't copy its genetic material and reproduce.

"NRTI = No RNA → DNA copying."

🧬🚫 Stops HIV from making new copies of itself.

         didanosine (ddl)                  Videx®

ANTIRETROVIRALS

         Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI)

👉 NRTIs are HIV drugs that block reverse transcriptase so the virus can't copy its genetic material and reproduce.

"NRTI = No RNA → DNA copying."

🧬🚫 Stops HIV from making new copies of itself.

stavudine (d4T)                   Zerit®

ANTIRETROVIRALS

         Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI)

👉 NRTIs are HIV drugs that block reverse transcriptase so the virus can't copy its genetic material and reproduce.

"NRTI = No RNA → DNA copying."

🧬🚫 Stops HIV from making new copies of itself.

lamivudine (3TC)               Epivir®

ANTIRETROVIRALS

         Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI)

👉 NRTIs are HIV drugs that block reverse transcriptase so the virus can't copy its genetic material and reproduce.

"NRTI = No RNA → DNA copying."

🧬🚫 Stops HIV from making new copies of itself.

         tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)  Viread®

ANTIRETROVIRALS

         Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI)

👉 NRTIs are HIV drugs that block reverse transcriptase so the virus can't copy its genetic material and reproduce.

"NRTI = No RNA → DNA copying."

🧬🚫 Stops HIV from making new copies of itself.

emtricitabine(FTC)         Emtriva®

ANTIRETROVIRALS

Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI)    

👉 NNRTIs are HIV drugs that block reverse transcriptase so the virus can't copy its genetic material.

"NNRTI = No copying HIV DNA."     

🧬🚫Stops HIV from reproducing.             

         nevirapine                           Viramune®

ANTIRETROVIRALS

Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI)    

👉 NNRTIs are HIV drugs that block reverse transcriptase so the virus can't copy its genetic material.

"NNRTI = No copying HIV DNA."     

🧬🚫Stops HIV from reproducing.                               

efavirenz

         Protease Inhibitors (PI)

HIV drugs that block the protease enzyme so the virus can't make mature, infectious copies of itself.

✂🚫🧬 No cutting proteins → no mature HIV.

ritonavir                                          Norvir®

         Protease Inhibitors (PI)

HIV drugs that block the protease enzyme so the virus can't make mature, infectious copies of itself.

✂🚫🧬 No cutting proteins → no mature HIV.

indinavir

         Protease Inhibitors (PI)

✂🚫🧬 No cutting proteins → no mature HIV.

nelfinavir

         Entry Inhibitors              

HIV drugs that block the virus from entering and infecting human cells.

"ENTRY inhibitors = Stop HIV at the door."

🚪🚫🧬 No entry → no infection.     

         maraviroc                                        Selzentry®

         Integrase Inhibitors

HIV drugs that block the virus from inserting its DNA into human cells.

"INTEGRASE = Stops HIV from inserting itself."

🧬🚫🔗 No integration → no infection spread.

raltegravir                                       Isentress®

ANTIVIRALS

drugs that stop viruses from multiplying inside the body.

"ANTI-viral = stops virus replication."

🧬🚫 Slows or stops viral growth.

valacyclovir            Valtrex®

ANTIVIRALS

drugs that stop viruses from multiplying inside the body.

"ANTI-viral = stops virus replication."

🧬🚫 Slows or stops viral growth.

acyclovir

ANTIVIRALS

drugs that stop viruses from multiplying inside the body.

"ANTI-viral = stops virus replication."

🧬🚫 Slows or stops viral growth.

amantadine

  ANTIVIRALS

drugs that stop viruses from multiplying inside the body.

"ANTI-viral = stops virus replication."

🧬🚫 Slows or stops viral growth.

oseltamivir              Tamiflu®

ANTIVIRALS

drugs that stop viruses from multiplying inside the body.

"ANTI-viral = stops virus replication."

🧬🚫 Slows or stops viral growth.

         zanamivir                Relenza®