Myocardial relaxation and diastolic function

during relaxation of the heart what takes place

1. SERCA removes calcium

2. Na+ca+ pump

3. calcium pump

4. mitochondria stores calcium

5. modulating proteins

what can affect relaxation of the heart

• pre load

• afterload

• prior contraction

• chamber geometry

just like with systole, diastole is controlled in 2 ways

• calcium dependent

• calcium independent

at rest what is the function of phopholamban

inhibits SERCA

When bound the beta receptor ________ the phosphlamban inactivating it and allowing for serca to function

phosphorolyzes

the activation of beta receptor in order to inactivate phospholamban hints that what nervous system is being stimulated

sympathetic nervous system

if the sympathetic nervous system increases calcium entry and reuptake what happens with the parasympathetic nervous system

it decreases calcium entry and reuptake

dromotropy is related tot he _________

conduction velocity

bathmotropy is related to __________

spontaneous depolarization

chronotropy is related to ________

heart rate 

what are the stages of the isovolumic phase

• early

• diastasis

• late

what are the phases of diastole

1. isovolumic relaxation

2. rapid filling

3. slow filling

4. atrial contraction

when the left ventricular pressure drops below the left atrial pressure what happens

mitral valve opens

the earlty filling wave is created when the _______ falls and _____ increases 

• left atrial pressure 

• left ventricular pressure

the late filling wave is created during the _______ at the end of diastole

atrial contraction

which of the two major filling phases is a passive function

early

what are the mechanical characteristics that determine diastolic function

• relaxation

• compliance

as the volume of the ventricle rises a highly compliant heart will keep the pressure of the ventricle ______

low

as the volume of the ventricle rises a poorly compliant heart will keep the pressure of the ventricle ______

high

what are echocardiography based ways to measure diastolic function

• relaxation

• filling

filling is the measure of the ration of what

early to late filling velocities

how will preload and heart rate effect diastole 

they will improve diastolic function within limits