Meiosis

What is needed in sexual reproduction?

2 parents (one sperm and one egg)

What is the point of meiosis?

to reduce the number of chromosomes in half

How many cells are made in meiosis?

4

What is the difference in Meiosis I and II?

Meiosis I- 1 cell gets divided into 2

Meiosis II- 2 cells get divided into 4

What are the stages in Meiosis I?

Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, and Telophase and Cytokinesis I

What are the stages in Meiosis II?

Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase and Cytokinesis II

What happens in Prophase I?

the spindle fibers are present, the nuclear membrane disappears, synapsis pairing of the tetrad homologous chromosomes, and crossing over

What does synapsis mean?

pair of homo. chromosomes (tetrads) that are extremely close to each other

What is crossing over?

portions of chromatids break off and attach adjacent chromatids which results in genetic recombination

What happens in Metaphase I?

the tetrads line up in the equator of the cel and the kinetochore fibers from the centrioles attach to the centromere of the chromosomes

What happens in Anaphase I?

the homo. chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles with the pairs being separated and independent assortment allows the random separation of the homo. chromosomes (more genetic variation)

What happens in Telophase +Cytokinesis I?

there are now the haploid number of chromosomes in the cell and 2 new cells with one chromosome from the homo. pair

What happens in the stages of Meiosis I?

DNA gets copied in this stage and there is only one cell

What happens in Meiosis II?

dna is NOT being copied, and the two cells get split into four

What happens in Prophase II?

The opposite pairs of the tetrads are in the individual cells. The centrioles appear and nuclear membrane is also disappearing

What happens in Metaphase II?

The opposite pairs of the homo. chromosomes are lined up at the equator of the cell and the centrioles release spindle fibers. The kinetochore fibers attach themselves to the centromere of the chromosomes.

What happens in Anaphase II?

The chromosomes get pulled apart into sister chromatids to polar opposite sides. The cells will now get split in telophase + cytokinesis II.

What happens in Telophase+Cytokinesis II?

The end result contains four haploid daughter cells which are gametes (sperm or egg cells).

What are the haploid cells for male referred to as?

spermatids

What are spermatids?

4 haploid cells

What do spermatids become?

spermatoza (sperm)

What are the haploid cells for female referred to as?

ovaries

What are polar bodies?

These are three of the haploids from the diploids that are non functional

What is the ovum?

The only functional egg which will have 23 chromosomes

What occurs in sexual reproduction?

sperm+egg= fertilized egg

* referred as a zygote or offspring