CRMJ 254 Final Part 3

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Criminal Justice 254 Slide shows 11-16

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23 Terms

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Consent Decree

A federal court order that requires changes to a police department to ensure it operates in a constitutional manner.

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Tennessee v. Garner

A Supreme Court case that restricted police use of deadly force, requiring specific conditions to be met.

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Hung Jury

A jury that cannot reach a unanimous decision, resulting in a mistrial.

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Police Brutality

The use of excessive force by law enforcement officers against suspects.

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Excessive Force

Coercion beyond what is necessary to control participants or suspects in a conflict.

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Indeterminate Sentencing

A sentencing model where judges set a minimum and maximum range of imprisonment.

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Furman v. Georgia

A 1972 Supreme Court case that temporarily halted the death penalty in the U.S. due to inconsistent application.

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Probation

A sentencing option where offenders are monitored in the community instead of serving time in prison.

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Prisonization

The process by which inmates adapt to the norms and values of the prison culture.

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Juvenile Justice System

A legal framework aimed at rehabilitating minors rather than punishing them.

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Balanced and Restorative Justice

An approach emphasizing accountability through actions that repair harm to victims and the community.

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Deadly Force

The use of force that is likely to cause death or serious bodily harm.

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Selective Enforcement

The ability of police to choose which laws to enforce and when.

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Arraignment

A court proceeding where a defendant enters a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest.

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Prosecutor

The legal representative of the state who decides whether to charge a person with a crime.

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Defense Attorney

A lawyer who represents the accused person in a criminal trial.

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Dual Court System

The separate state and federal court systems in the United States.

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Substantive Law

The part of law that defines crimes and punishments.

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Procedural Law

The part of law that outlines the procedures and processes in legal matters.

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Jury Trial

A legal trial where a jury makes a decision on guilt or innocence.

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Automatic Appellate Review

The mandatory review process in capital cases giving defendants six automatic appeals.

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School to Prison Pipeline

A phenomenon where disciplinary actions in schools push at-risk youth into the juvenile justice system.

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Aggressive Patrol

A strategy where police heavily patrol certain areas to deter crime through frequent stops and investigations.