Unit 3 Latin Test - YOU GOT THIS!

ara pacis

 this monumental altar of peace was commissioned by the senate on july 4, 13 BCE to celebrate the return of augustus from 3 years' absence in gaul and spain.

castor and pollux

the brothers of helen (of troy) and cytemnestra and the sons of jupiter and leda

consules

the romans elected two consuls every year and they served as the supreme magistrates of the state with equal power (vetoing each other was allowed)

praetores

served as the public judges of rome, handles courtroom bussiness. 

censores

(usually former consules) are elected to (1) take a census (2) review the lists of equites and senatores and remove unworthy people from them , and (3) perform the lustratio (a purification) of the Roman state.

carmentalia

rites in honor of carmenta (goddess of childbirth and prophecy),mother of evander, who founded a greek city on the site of rome.

compitalia

festival in honor of the Lares Compitales, deities of the crossroads. they originally received broken ox-yokes dedicated by farmers, but people also hung up puppets and wool to placate the spirits.

hadrian

the third of the so-called good emperors, hadrian visited every province and major city in the empire, sawthe sights, and inspected all the armies and offices.

februus

the roman god of purification, who has a festival, the februa, on the 15th and name is connected to god of fever - febris.

juno sospita

 ("juno who saves") who had a temple in the forum holitorium (vegetable market) in rome.

pater patriae

list of honors given to emporers that was only rarely conferred during the Republic: the first person to receive the title was marcus furius camillus

bulla / iunula 

protective amulaet - bulla for boys ( till toga at 18) and lunula for girls ( till marriage at 16) . these amulets were dedicated to the family lares.  please note that these rites are only for freeborn romans.

dies lustricus

"day of purification" is the day when an infant officially becomes part of the roman family, usually on the 9th (for boys) or 8th (for girls) day after birth.

toga virilis

toga of manhood that boys recieve when they turn 18.

ludi genialici

festival in honor of the genius of the roman people.

parentalia

 festival in honor of the di parentes, ancestors of the roman people; it runs from february 13 to 21.  it was usually celebrated privately in households and sacrifice in the town was offered.

di parentes

ancestors of the roman people.

manes

the benevolent spirits of the dead.

lemures / larvae

the malevolent spirits of the dead.

lupercalia

originally called the februa, was renamed after the lupercal,; this was where the she-wolf lupa took romulus and remus and nursed them before the shepherd faustulus and his wife acca larentia found them.

fornacalia

the festival of ovens (fornaces).  the members of each curia or ward of the city made offerings to the goddess fornax (oven) and joined in a public banquet in her honor.

concordia

( hearts together) harmony in nature, within one's own body, or between people in a social relationship at any level. EX: generally when romans spoke of concordia, they meant harmony in public order, in arrangement of society, and the absence of violence and threat. when cicero confronted the conspiracy of catiline to overthrow the government, he spoke of the need for a consensus bonorum omnium, "an agreement among all right-minded people", to stand with him in his efforts to save Rome.