History Quiz 1.1 ⛩️

What were the two theorys how people arrived in North America?

Berigia-LAND between Asia and North America ,now the Bering Straight.

Kelp Highway Theory- by SEA by Sailing along the coast of the Americas.

Whats the difference between a Tribe,Kinship Network, and Clan?

Tribe-same language and large numbers.

Kinship Networks-Relatives in a tribe.

Clan-a tighter group claiming a shared ancestor

What does Three Sisters mean?

The Three important crops vital to Native Americans (Corn,Beans,Squash)

Norse set up colony, but couldn't stay long because…

-Limited resources

-bad weather

-Food shortage

What was the Forest Empire?

A Huge Empire centered around guinea based on trade

What was the Golden Empire?

An Empire centered around North and Saharan Africa.

What was the Reconquista?

A centuries long Conflict in Spain When Christians attempted to defeat and dried out Muslims from Islamic controlled regions (Eventually Succeed.)

Exploratoin West

Spanish King and Queen Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored Italian Christopher Columbus planned voyage to sail across the Atlantic to Asia

What were some effects in the Native Population?

Epidempic: European contact with Natives exposed the population to disease that North americans had to immunity too.

examples : Small Pox, Influenza, Typhus

What are three main reasons for the European Expansion

-Control of the Trade

-land

-Spread of Christianity

Who are two pain powers in Europe?

Spain and Portugal (Global Split)

What was the Line of Demarcation?

An Imaginary Line that separates one place from another.

What was the treaty or Tordesillas (1494)

An established line that ran through south America and said that anything east of the line was Portuguese and anything west was Spanish.

What are three ways slavery was expanded in America?

-Use of indiginus population for labor

-Use indentured servitrude from Europe

-Import Africa Slaves to Americas

what was Tenochtitlan?

-The capitol of Aztec Empire, near Mexico city

-They Engaged with neighboring cities and created conflicts called Flower wars.

What were conquistadors?

Military commanders and explorers who claimed land and riches in the behalf of their king or queen.

Who was La Milinche?

It was a name given to Dona Marina in Mexican folklore (cortes translator)

Who was the Aztecs Emporer?

Montazuma

When did Hernan Cortrez invade Mexico City with an Army in search of riches?

1519

Who was Francisco Pizarro?

A Spanish Conquistador who defeated the Incas

With less than 200 Soldiers Pizaro did what?

Captured Cuzco (Incan Capitol) and its new Emporer Atahualpa

What was the Encomienda System? 1

It Grated Spanish Conquistadors and settlers the right to extract forced labor from the indigenous population in exchange for protections.

What was Presidios? 2

Military settlements designed to protect and secure Spanish territories

What was the Congraciones?

Forced resettlement of Native Population

What was the most sought after new resources?

SIlver

Ponce De Leon

He maped out Florida

Two main theories of how early humans arrived in North America

1. Land Bridge (Beringia) - Crossing a land bridge between Asia and North America (now the Bering Strait).
2. Kelp Highway Theory - Traveling by sea along the coast of the Americas.

Difference between a Tribe, Kinship Network, and Clan

Tribe: A large population sharing a common language and culture.
Kinship Network: Relatives within a tribe.
Clan: A tight-knit group claiming a shared ancestor.

The Three Sisters

Corn, Beans, and Squash—the three vital agricultural crops for Native Americans.

Canadian island where Leif Erikson and the Vikings established a settlement

Newfoundland

Reasons the Norse settlement in North America could not be sustained long-term

Limited resources, severe weather, and food shortages.

Forest Empire

A large West African empire centered around Guinea that was heavily based on trade.

Golden Empire

A major African empire centered around North and Saharan Africa.

Reconquista

A centuries-long conflict in Spain in which Christian kingdoms fought to defeat and expel Muslims from Islamic-controlled regions.

Sponsorship of Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage west

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain sponsored the Italian explorer to find a sea route to Asia across the Atlantic.

Three major diseases that caused devastating epidemics among Native Americans

Smallpox, Typhus, and Influenza

Three primary motivations for European expansion

1. Control of trade routes
2. Acquisition of new land
3. Spread of Christianity

Two main European powers leading early global expansion

Spain and Portugal

Line of Demarcation

An imaginary boundary line drawn to divide overseas territorial claims between Spain and Portugal.

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

An agreement establishing a meridian through South America, granting lands east of the line to Portugal and lands west to Spain.

Three ways slavery and forced labor were expanded in the Americas

1. Enslavement and forced labor of indigenous populations
2. Indentured servitude from Europe
3. Importation of enslaved Africans

Tenochtitlan

The capital of the Aztec Empire (near present-day Mexico City), known for ritual conflicts called Flower Wars with neighboring cities.

Conquistadors

Spanish military commanders and explorers who conquered territories and seized wealth for the Spanish Crown.

La Malinche (Doña Marina)

An indigenous woman who served as translator and advisor to Hernán Cortés during the conquest of the Aztec Empire.

Emperor of the Aztec Empire who was defeated by Hernán Cortés

Montezuma

Year Hernán Cortés invaded the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan

1519

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire

Francisco Pizarro

Capital of the Incan Empire captured by Francisco Pizarro

Cuzco

Encomienda System

A Spanish governing system that granted settlers the right to extract forced labor from indigenous people in exchange for protection and Christianization.

Presidios

Spanish military settlements built to protect and secure claimed territories in the Americas.

Congregaciones

The forced resettlement of Native Americans into concentrated Spanish-controlled villages.

Most sought-after precious metal resource extracted by the Spanish in the Americas

Silver

Juan Ponce de León

Spanish explorer who explored and mapped the coast of Florida.

Two main theories of how early humans arrived in North America

1. Land Bridge (Beringia) - Crossing a land bridge between Asia and North America (now the Bering Strait).
2. Kelp Highway Theory - Traveling by sea along the coast of the Americas.

Beringia

The ancient land bridge that connected Asia to North America, allowing early humans to migrate into the continent.

Difference between a Tribe, Kinship Network, and Clan

Tribe: A large population sharing a common language and culture.
Kinship Network: Relatives within a tribe.
Clan: A tight-knit group claiming a shared ancestor.

The Three Sisters

Corn, Beans, and Squash—the three vital agricultural crops for Native Americans.

Canadian island where Leif Erikson and the Vikings established a settlement

Newfoundland

Reasons the Norse settlement in North America could not be sustained long-term

Limited resources, severe weather, native resistance, and food shortages.

Forest Empire

A large West African empire centered around modern-day Guinea that traded primarily with Europeans for guns and textiles.

Golden Empire

A major African empire centered around North and Saharan Africa.

Reconquista

A centuries-long conflict in Spain in which Christian kingdoms fought to defeat and expel Muslims from Islamic-controlled regions.

Sponsorship of Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage west

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain sponsored the Italian explorer to find a sea route to Asia across the Atlantic.

Three major diseases that caused devastating epidemics among Native Americans

Smallpox, Typhus, and Influenza

Three primary motivations for European expansion

1. Control of trade routes
2. Acquisition of new land
3. Spread of Christianity

Two main European powers leading early global expansion

Spain and Portugal

Line of Demarcation

An imaginary boundary line drawn to divide overseas territorial claims between Spain and Portugal.

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

An agreement establishing a meridian through South America, granting lands east of the line to Portugal and lands west to Spain.

Three ways slavery and forced labor were expanded in the Americas

1. Enslavement and forced labor of indigenous populations
2. Indentured servitude from Europe
3. Importation of enslaved Africans

Tenochtitlan

The capital of the Aztec Empire (near present-day Mexico City), known for ritual conflicts called Flower Wars with neighboring cities.

Conquistadors

Spanish military commanders and explorers who claimed land and riches in the name of their respective monarchs.

La Malinche (Doña Marina)

An indigenous woman who served as translator and advisor to Hernán Cortés during the conquest of the Aztec Empire.

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire in 1519–1521

Hernán Cortés

Emperor of the Aztec Empire who was defeated by Hernán Cortés

Montezuma

Year Hernán Cortés invaded the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan

1519

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire

Francisco Pizarro

Capital of the Incan Empire captured by Francisco Pizarro

Cuzco

Encomienda System

A Spanish governing system that granted settlers the right to extract forced labor from indigenous people in exchange for protection and Christianization.

Presidios

Spanish military settlements built to protect and secure claimed territories in the Americas.

Congregaciones

The forced resettlement of Native Americans into concentrated Spanish-controlled villages.

Most sought-after precious metal resource extracted by the Spanish in the Americas

Silver

Juan Ponce de León

Spanish explorer who explored and mapped the coast of Florida.