JPT HOA 1 Gothic architecture

13th to 15th century

Gothic architecture

1. Lofty and aspiring quality (refers to vertical)

2. Structural honesty

3. Economy in the use of materials

Architectural Character

1. Pointed arch

2. Rib & panel vaulting

3. Tracery windows

4. Flying buttress

5. Stained glass

6. Spires & pinnacles

Characteristic features

1. Cathedrals in England

2. Cathedrals in France

3. Cathedrals in Germany

4. Cathedrals in Italy

Example of gothic structures (ecclesiastical)

1. Westminster Abbey

2. Winchester Cathedral

3. York Cathedral

4. Salisbury Cathedral

5. Canterbury Cathedral

6. Laon Cathedral

7. The Tower of London

8. Hampton Court Palace

9. Guild Hall, London

10. Durham Cathedral

Cathedrals in England

Westminster Abbey

one of the largest Benedictine monasteries. Comprises an abbey church and a square cloister court. It was built by several master masons & master carpenters. Master Henry Yevelve, Hugh Herland, and John James. It is geometric in style with pinnacles and tracery windows.

Winchester Cathedral

has greatest total length (560 feet) than any medieval cathedral

York Cathedral

largest in area and width in any english medieval cathedral

Salisbury Cathedral

it boasts off central tower with the loftiest spire

The Tower of London

built by Bishop Gundulf for William I; concentric castle

Hampton Court Palace

one of the most remarkable domestic buildings in England

Guild Hall, London

most important hall erected by the guilds in the middle ages

Durham Cathedral

the earliest great cathedral designed initially and entirely with a "rib-vaulting" system

1. Notre Dame, Paris

2. Chartres Cathedral

3. Rheims Cathedral

4. Amiens Cathedral

5. Beauvais Cathedral

6. Glouchester Cathedral

Cathedrals in France

Notre Dame, Paris

one of the oldest french gothic churches. It was begun by Bishop Maurice de Sully

Chartres Cathedral

famous for its 176 stained glass windows

Rheims Cathedral

coronation church of France, the west facade is famous for its 500 statues

Amiens Cathedral

counterpart of Salisbury of England, famous for its carved woodwork in the choir stalls. Designed by Robert de Luzarches

Beauvais Cathedral

considered with the loftiest vault in Europe at 157 feet and 6 inches

Milan Cathedral

- 3rd largest church in Europe

- by Henrich Von Gmunden

1. Caracassone - surrounded by moat water

2. Avignon - has a palace which was the headquarters of the popes

Fortified towns

Caracassone

fortified towns; surrounded by moat water

Avignon

fortified towns; has a palace which was the headquarters of the popes

1. Chateau Gaillard, Les Andels

2. Chateau de Pierrefonds

3. Chateau de Ambrose

Castles

Hotels de Ville

Town halls or municipal halls

1. Arras

2. Bourges

3. Dreux

Hotels de Ville

Palais de Justice

function same as the Roman Basilica

Example:

Palais de Justice, Roven

Hospital

also known as "maisons-dieu, usually to monasteries.

Example:

Hotel Dieu, Beaune

Houses

first known as "castle", earlier called "chateaux", later called "private house", "townhouse" and now called "hotels"

1. Cologne Cathedral

2. S. Elizabeth Marburge

3. Limburg Cathedral

Cathedrals in Germany

Cologne Cathedral

largest gothic church of Northern Europe covering approximately an area of 91,000 square meters

S. Elizabeth Marburge

characteristic example of a "Hall Church"

1. Milan Cathedral

2. Sienna Cathedral

Cathedrals in Italy

1. Seville Cathedral, Spain

2. Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, Spain

3. Barcelona Cathedral

Cathedrals in Spain

Seville Cathedral, Spain

largest medieval cathedral in Europe, 2nd largest cathedral in the world

Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, Spain

one of the most remarkable medieval buildings in Spain; great pilgrimage center

cimborio

the Spanish term for lantern admitting light over a crossing central lantern

crockets

in gothic architecture, an upward oriented ornament, often vegetal in form, regularly spaced along sloping edges of spires, pinnacles and gables.

donjon/keep

a stronghold of a medieval castle; usually in the form of a massive tower

gargoyle

a water spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building often carved grotesquely

machicolation

an overhanging defensive structure at the top of a medieval fortification, with floor openings thru boiling oil, missile, etc., which could be dropped on attackers

portcullis

a gate of iron or iron enforced wooden bars made to slide up & down in vertifcal grooves in the jambs of a doorway, used for defense in castle gateways

retablo/reredos

a wall or screen usually behind an altar, an ornamental screen or wall at the back of the altar

tracery

the ornamental intersecting work in the upper part of a window, screen or panel, use decoratively in blank arches and vaults

finial

a formal ornament at the top of a canopy, gable & pinnacle

embrassures

the crenels or intervals between merlons of a battlement

merlon

in an embattled parapet, one of the solid alternates between the embrasures

bartizan

a small turret projecting from the angle on top of a tower or parapet

battlement

a parapet with alternating indentations (embrasures and raised portions (merlons) also called "crenel"

bailey

an open space or a court of a stone-built castle

motte

a steep mound, feature of 11th and 12th century castles

nailhead

an early english architectural enrichment consisting of small pyramids repeated as a band

oriel

in medieval english architecture, a bay window, corbelled out from the wall of an upper story

bartizan

outer defense work of a castle or town, frequently a watch tower at the gate, an outwork defending the entrance to a castle

balustraria

in medieval military architecture, the cross-shaped opening in the battlements and elsewhere for the use of crossbow

spire

the tapering termination of a tower

steeple

a tower crowned by a spire

epi

the spire shaped termination of a projecting point or angle of a roof

flambouyant style

the last phase of French gothic architecture characterized by flame like & free flowing tracery

peel

in Northern England and Scotland in the middle ages, a small emergency defense structure, generally a low fortified tower.

cloisters

a secluded place of covered passages around an open space, connecting the monastic church with the domestic part of the monastery

ogyvale

a term used for french gothic architecture

offset

the part of a wall exposed horizontally, often sloping

pointed arches (lancet), large windows, stone traceries, stone vaulted ceilings, and the flying buttresses

features of gothic architecture

stained glass windows

gothic [,blank,] told bible stories to those who could not read

spires

were built using scaffolding and wooden cranes

Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris

- was built over a period of 170 years

- the hallmark of gothic architecture. Its most striking feature is the two imposing towers and a rose window at its west front.

flying buttresses

are engineering tools at this time. The huge windows in some gothic cathedrals meant that the walls were ofthen too weak to support the vaulted ceilings.

ballflowers

ornament typical of 14th century gothic

latin cross plan

gothic cathedrals emanates the [,blank,] plan and also functions as library, museum, school, gallery, and concert hall bedsides its main function as a religious meeting place.

1. Bar - using stone bars

2. Plate - cut from plate of stones

2 types of traceries

1. Anglo Saxon - use of timber in their stuctures

2. Norman - massiveness and boldness in ornaments

3. Decorated/Geometrical - ornateness and elaborateness of decoration

4. Perpendicular - verticality

5. Tudor - similar to perpendicular, used in domestic structures

English Gothic

1. Salisbury Cathedral

2. York Cathedral

3. Canterbury Cathedral

4. Winchester Cathedral

5. Westminster Abbey - a building complex of church, monastery, palace, and tombs

Examples of English Gothic

1. Lancet Style - pointed arches and geometric tracery windows

2. Rayonnant Style - Circular rose windows with cusps and foils

3. Flambouyant Style - flame-like tracery windows

French Gothic

1. Notre Dame Cathedral

2. Chartres Cathedral

3. Rheims Cathedral

4. Beauvais Cathedral

5. Chateau de Pierrefonds, Carcassone

Examples of French Gothic

The presence of numerous spires, towers, belfries and steep gable

Belgian Gothic

Antwerp Cathedral - having spires 400 feet high

Example of Belgian Gothic

1. General use of bricks

2. Absence of triforium and clerestory

3. Presence of single western apse in place of wide western doorways

German Gothic

Cologne Cathedral - fourth largest Church in Western Europe

Example of German Gothic

1. Flatness of roofs

2. Absence of pinnacles and flying buttresses

3. Stripes of colored marbles instead of mouldings

4. Frescoes and mosaics on panels

5. Small windows with tracery

6. Projecting entrance porches with columns

Italian Gothic

1. Milan Cathedral - 3rd largest church in Europe

2. Siena Cathedral

3. Santo Croce Florence

4. Doge's Palace

Examples of Italian Gothic

1. Influences by French and Moorish styles

2. Single span vaulted interior

3. Horseshoe arches, pierced stone tracery, stone reredo

Spanish Gothic

Seville Cathedral - second largest in Europe

Example of Spanish Gothic

1. Characteristics - lofty and aspiring quality, structural honesty, economy of materials

2. Materials - stones and timber

3. System of construction - arctuated, lancet arches, flying buttress, vaults

4. Fenestrations - arcaded, rose window, tracery with foils, order (jambs)

5. Important structures - cathedrals

6. Decorations - stained glass

7. Planning - latin cross plan

Gothic Architecture

1. Characteristics

2. Materials

3. System of construction

4. Fenestrations

5. Important structures

6. Decorations

7. Planning