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Family resemblance
There are no fixed set of characteristics that make a sandwich a sandwich; only family resemblances.
Transmitted text
Texts that have been passed down through history.
Biofacts
Archaeological evidence consisting of organic material that was not the object of craftsmanship.
Inference
A conclusion drawn from data or premises.
Assumption
Something taken for granted, either knowingly or unknowingly.
Indo-European
A group of languages that bear a family resemblance and are believed to come from some common proto-Indo-European language.
Megaron
Architectural form consisting of an open porch, vestibule, and large hall with a central hearth and throne, found in all Mycenaean palaces and some houses.
Linear B
Syllabic script used for writing in Mycenaean Greek, the earliest attested form of the Greek language, predating the Greek alphabet by centuries.
Epic poetry
Long narrative poem thatās written in verse and is usually the length of a novel, often telling the story of a single person or group of people.
Iliad
One of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer, set around the end of the Trojan War.
Odyssey
One of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer, focusing on the adventures of Odysseus.
Kleos
The quest for glory to make your life meaningful by leaving your mark.
Aristeia
A scene in epic poetry where a hero in battle has his finest moments.
TÄ«mÄ
The need for respect, fundamental for group unity and individual self-worth.
Homeric values
The belief in multiple fallible gods and a good human life embodied by heroes.
Christian values
The belief in one infallible God and a good human life embodied by Jesus and his disciples.
Geometric pottery
A style of ceramic art that emerged in ancient Greece during the Geometric period.
Panhellenism
The process that generated a shared culture among ancient Greeks and understood the Homeric epics as both products and producers of this phenomenon.
Agamemnon (klÄros)
A lot, division, or share that plays a crucial role in understanding the spiritual and social structure of biblical narratives.
Phalanx
A body of heavily armed infantry in ancient Greece formed in close deep ranks and files.
Ethnos
A term used to describe a people or community.
Hoplon
A round wooden shield covered in bronze, used by ancient Greek warriors.
DÄmos
A village-like community that was not a city-state.
Aulos
A flute-like wind instrument in ancient Greece.
Basileus
The title for a king or chief in ancient Greece.
Spartan mirage
The idealized vision of Sparta as an egalitarian and orderly society characterized by patriotism and courage.
Tyrant
A leader who often took rule to benefit the people but rarely transferred power to their sons.
AgÅgÄ
The training program prerequisite for Spartiate (citizen) status.
Syssition
A group of fifteen male Spartans who ate and socialized together; essential for full Spartan citizenship.
Hoplite
Citizen-soldiers of ancient Greek city-states.
Apella
The popular assembly of Ancient Sparta, representing the democratic element of the Spartan state.
Gerousia
The council of elders in Sparta made up of the two kings and twenty-eight men over the age of sixty.
Democracy
A form of government in Classical Greece allowing adult male citizens to participate in politics.
Aristocracy
A form of government where a small group of elites holds power, often based on heredity.
Council of 500
Established by Cleisthenes; served as the city-stateās administrative body, providing governance and representation.
Ostracism
A procedure in Athens allowing citizens to vote to exile someone for ten years to prevent the rise of a tyrant.
Bronze Age
Period characterized by early social hierarchies and the development of Mycenaean civilization.
Iron Age
The period from 1200-750 BCE; includes events like the fall of Troy.
Trojan War
A legendary conflict between Greece and Troy, often considered a mix of historical and fictional elements.
Archaic Period
Period of Greek history from 750-480 BCE, marked by the revival of civilization and colonization.
Olympics
The first organized large-scale sports and competition events in ancient Greece, beginning in 776 BC.
Age of Tyrants
Period during which many tyrants ruled in Greece; often just leaders from elite families providing for the people.
Seisachtheia
Solonās reforms involving debt cancellation and the establishment of property limits.
Mycenae
Home of the Mycenaeans, known for their early Greek power and conquest of the Minoans.
Troy
The location of the Trojan War, built over many times throughout history.
Lefkandi
An archaeological site indicating wealth and community connections after the Dark Ages.
Polis
A term defining a political community, which includes a city and its surrounding countryside.
Lakonia
The region under Spartan rule, known for its militaristic society.
Sparta
The warrior city-state in Greece, focused on military training from a young age.
Athens
The democratic city-state of Greece, evolving from oligarchy.
Heinrich Schliemann
The archaeologist who uncovered the ruins of Troy, believed to be a mythical location.
Minoans
People who lived on Crete and were conquered by the Mycenaeans.
Mycenaeans
The early Greek-speaking people who conquered the Minoans and used Linear B for writing.
Rhapsode
A storyteller who recited epic poetry by word of mouth, using repeating phrases for memorization.
Homer
The legendary figure said to compose the Iliad and the Odyssey, though his existence is debated.
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