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Fovea
A small depression near the eye cavity/retina
Ex: fovea of the femur
Foramen
Round or oval opening through a bone (hole)
Ex: mental foramen
Fossa
Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface. Literally means ditch.
Ex: elbow (cubical fossa)
Sulcus
An elongated groove. Literally means trench.
Ex: central sulcus
Meatus
Tubelike passageway within a bone.
EX: ear canal
fissure
Elongated hole/crack
Ex: superior orbital fissures
sinus
Cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
Ex: maxillary sinuses
process
prominent projection on a bone
Ex: mastoid process
Condyle
A rounded projection/bump that fits into a joint.
Ex: Jaw/Mandible condyles
head
bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
Trochanter
Very large bump made for muscle attachment.
Ex: greater and lesser trochanter on the femur
Tubercle
small rounded projection
Ex: greater and lesser tubercles on the humerus
Tuberosity
Elongated projection
Ex: tibial tuberosity
Crest
Moderately raised ridge; generally a site for muscle attachment
Ex: iliac crest (pelvic bone ilium)
spinous process
Sharp, pointed process. Similar to a crest but raised much more.
Ex: vertebra
nutrient foramen
Narrow tunnel through the diaphysis that allows blood vessels into the medullary cavity
neck
A narrow connection between the epiphysis and the diaphysis. A narrow connection at the base of a head.
Ex: neck of femur
Epicondyle
A projection situated above a condyle. A bump on a bump.
Ex: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
Epiphysis
End of a long bone (expanded)
medullary cavity
central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone created by long bone and spongy bone creation.
compact bone
dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum. Continuous extracellular matrix with no gaps.
spongy bone
Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces (trabeculae) and found just inside the layer of compact bone.
epiphyseal line/plate
A band of cartilage remaining between 2 ossification centers. Usually between the epiphysis and diaphysis.
articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints (hyaline cartilage)
Periosteum
a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.
trabeculae
supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone
Endosteum
membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone containing bone forming cells
red marrow
produces red blood cells
yellow marrow
stores fat
Lamella
weight-bearing, column-like matrix tubes composed mainly of collagen's fibers. Surrounds central canals.
Osteocytes
mature bone cells
lacuna
small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes
Haversian canal
Longitudinal Channels in bone that contain blood vessels and nerves. Run through the center of an osteon.
Canaliculi
Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal. Supplies nutrients and removes waste.
Osteon
structural unit of compact bone
5 types of bone based on shape
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid/round
facet
smooth, nearly flat articular surface.
