Nervous and Reproductive Systems Review

This set of flashcards covers key concepts of the nervous and reproductive systems for exam review, including functions, structures, and hormonal roles.

What is the main function of the nervous system?

To carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to control and coordinate essential functions.

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

What does the Central Nervous System consist of?

The brain and spinal cord.

What is the role of sensory receptors in the nervous system?

To monitor and gather information about changes in and around the body.

What is the primary role of the brain?

To control thoughts, emotions, memory, coordination, and involuntary functions.

What is the function of the cerebellum?

To coordinate muscle movement, balance, and posture.

What fluid protects and nourishes the brain and spinal cord?

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF).

What are the three meninges layers that protect the brain?

Dura mater, Arachnoid membrane, and Pia mater.

What is a neuron?

The basic structural unit of the nervous system consisting of nucleus, nerve fibers/dendrites, and an axon.

What are the symptoms of a concussion?

Headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea, and temporary loss of consciousness.

What hormones are involved in male reproductive functions?

Testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH).

What is the function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

To produce egg cells and female hormones like estrogen and progesterone.

What occurs during ovulation?

A mature egg is released from the ovary and enters the fallopian tube.

What marks the beginning of the menstrual cycle?

Menstruation, when the lining of the uterus sheds.

What is spermatogenesis?

The process of producing sperm cells in the testes through meiosis.

What is the role of the uterine lining during pregnancy?

To support the developing fetus and facilitate implantation.

What happens if the egg is not fertilized during the menstrual cycle?

The uterine lining begins to break down, leading to menstruation.

What is the purpose of the placenta during pregnancy?

To produce hormones and maintain the uterine lining to support the developing embryo.

What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle?

Follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase.

What hormones control the menstrual cycle?

Estrogen and progesterone.

What symptoms occur during menopause?

Mood swings, hot flashes, bone and heart problems, short-term memory loss, and changes in sexual desire.

What is the function of insulin in the body?

To decrease blood sugar levels by allowing cells to take in glucose.

What is adrenaline and what does it do?

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps the body react quickly in critical situations.