LSE LONG QUIZ (Puberty, Adolescence, Adulthood)

PUBERTY

• Period in the developmental span when the child changes from an asexual to a sexual being.

• The word is derived from the Latin word pubertas, which means “age of manhood”

• Time of importance in the lifespan of

  every individual.

• Refers to the physical rather than the

  behavioral changes.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBERTY

• Puberty is an Overlapping Period

• Puberty is a Short Period

• Puberty is a Time of Rapid Growth and Change

• Puberty is a Negative Phase

• Puberty Occurs at a Variable Age

• Puberty is Divided into Stages(Prepubescent, Pubescent, Postpubescent)

Prepubescent Stage

• Overlaps the closing year or two of childhood

• “Prepubescent”, meaning one who is no longer a child but not yet an adolescent.

• Secondary sex characteristics begin to appear but the reproductive organs are not yet fully developed.

Pubescent “Mature” Stage

• Occurs at the dividing line between childhood and adolescence.

• The time when the criteria of sexual maturity appear(menarche, nocturnal emissions)

• Secondary sex characteristics and cells are produced in the sex organs.

 Postpubescent Stage

• Overlaps the first year or two of adolescence.

• Secondary sex characteristics become well developed and the sex organs begin to function in a mature manner.

CAUSES OF PUBERTY

• Amount of hormones excreted increases as time passes, and this eventually leads to the maturing of the structure and function of the sex organs.

• A close relationship between the pituitary gland and the gonads (sex glands male – testes; female - ovaries).

CRITERIA OF PUBERTY

1. Menarche

2. Nocturnal emission

3. Chemical analysis of urine

4. X-rays of bone development

AGE OF PUBERTY (girls)

Approximately 50% of all girls mature between 12.5 and 14.5 years, with the average maturing at 13.

Age of puberty (boys)

Average boy becomes sexually mature between the ages of 14 and 16.5, with 50% of all boys maturing between 14 and 15.5 years.

difference in sexes

• Between the ages of 12 and 14, differences between sexes are especially marked, with many more girls having become mature than boys.

• The total time needed to become sexually mature is approximately 3 years for girls, and 2-4 years for boys.

Puberty growth spurt

• For girls, puberty growth spurt begins between 8.5 and 11.5 years, on the average at 12.5 years.

• For boys, puberty growth spurt begins between 10.5 and 14.5 years, reaches a peak between 14.5 and 15.5 years.

• Increase at height, weight and strength come at approximately the same age.

body changes at puberty

• Changes in Body Size

• Changes in Body Proportions

• Primary Sex Characteristics

• Secondary Sex Characteristics

changes in body size

First major physical change in terms of height and weight.

• For girls, the average annual increase in the year preceding the menarche is 3 inches, though a 5 to 6-inch increase is not unusual. Two years preceding the menarche, the average increase is 2.5 inches, making a total increase of 5.5 inches.

changes in body proportion

• Second major physical change at puberty.

• Some areas of the body which in the early years of life were proportionally much too small, now become proportionally too big.

• Thin, long trunk begins to broaden at the hips and shoulders.

• Waistline develops.

• Just before puberty, the legs are disproportionally long in relation to the trunk and continue to be so until the child is approximately fifteen.

primary sex characteristics

• Third major physical change at puberty

• The growth and development of primary sex organs.

• Nocturnal emissions generally begin to occur usually when the boy is having a sexually excited dream.

• Ovulation does not occur, and therefore, the girl is sterile.

secondary sex characteristics

• Fourth major physical change

• Physical features which distinguish males from females(sex appeal)

• Boys and girls become dissimilar in appearance caused by the gradual development of the secondary sex characteristics

• Follows a predictable pattern

important secondary sex characteristics

• Boys

  • Hair, skin, glands, muscles, voice

• Girls

  • Hips, breast, hair, skin, glands, muscles, voice

effects of puberty changes

• Effects of Physical Well-being (Sickly Age)

• Effects on Attitude and Behavior

• Desire for isolation

• Boredom

• Lack of Coordination

• Social Antagonism

• Heightened Emotionality

• Loss of Self-Confidence

• Excessive Modesty

effects of deviant maturing

• A deviant maturer is one whose sexual maturation deviates from the norm for the individual’s sex group

• Early and Late maturers

• Rapid and Slow maturers

hazards of puberty

• Physical Hazards

• Psychological Hazards

physical hazards

• Mortality

• Accidents

• Slight or major malfunctioning of the endocrine glands

psychological hazards

• Unfavorable Self-Concepts

• Underachievement

• Lack of preparations for puberty changes

• Acceptance of Changed Bodies

• Acceptance of Socially Approved Sex-Roles

• Deviations in Sexual Maturing

unhappiness at puberty

Acceptance, affection and achievement are often violated during the puberty years.

Adult

• L. adultus;

• grown to full size and strength indicates a grown man or woman has reached full growth, or one who is legally of age; as opposed to a minor.

• Longest period in the total life span

early adulthood

• time when most of us finish school, find a career we enjoy, and create a family of our own

• Ages: 18-40

• Period of adjustment to new patterns of life and new social expectations

• Develop new attitudes, interests and values

• A time where we are our healthiest and will reach our peak performance

• A time to take on roles of independence, lifestyles, marriage, and family

characteristics of adulthood

1. Settling down Stage

   1. settling to line of career; men: work or wife

2. Reproductive Age

   1. parenthood; afford to have a family

3. Problem Age

   1. early parenthood; fail to satisfy

4. Period of emotional tension

5. Period of Social Isolation/ Isolation Crisis

6. Time of commitments

7. Period of Dependency

8. Time of Value Change

9. Time of Adjustment to New Lifestyle

10. Creative Age

developmental tasks

• Social expectations are clearly defined

• Aid to Mastery of Developmental Tasks

social expectations are clearly defined

1. Getting started in an occupation

2. Selecting a mate

3. Learning to live with a partner

4. Starting a family

5. Rearing children

6. Managing a home

7. Taking on civic responsibilities

8. Finding a congenial social group

Aid to Mastery of Developmental Tasks

• Peak of Physical Efficiency

• Peak of Strength

• Mental Abilities

• Motivation

• Role Models to Imitate

interest changes

interests from puberty/adolescence changes and matures

Conditions Responsible to Interest Changes in Adulthood

• Health

• Economic Status

• Life Patterns

• Values

• Sex-Role

• Parental Role

• Preferences

• Cultural and Environmental

• Pressures

Personal Interest

• Appearance

• Clothes

• Status Symbol

• Religion

• Recreational Interest

  • Talking

  • Dancing

  • Sports and Games

  • Entertainment

Social

• Social Groupings

• In Friendship

• Valued Place on Popularity

• Leadership Status

Personal and Social Hazards

• Social

• Sex Role

Middle age

✓ 40 – 60 years old

✓ decline in vigor

✓ period of life beyond young adulthood but before the onset of old age.

characteristics of middle age

1. Shows signs of aging

2. Strength and flexibility decreases

3. Dangerous Age

4. Female fertility declines

5. Time of Achievement

6. Not immune to problems in relationship

7. Dreaded Age

Changes in middle age

• Appearance

• Sensory Abilities

• Sexual

  • Women

  • Men

Adjustment To Changed Interests

Appearance and Clothes

Money

Status Symbol

Community Affair

Recreations

Old age

-age 60 and above

2 Divisions

Early Old Age (60 – 70 years old)

Advanced Old Age (70 – death)

-closing period

-ages nearing or surpassing the average life span of human beings

Characteristics of old age

1. Period of Decline

   1. SENESCENCE

   2. SENILITY

2. does not have the same meaning in all societies

3. Individual Differences

4. Stereotypes

5. Minority Group Status

6. Role Changes

7. Desire of Rejuvenation

Some Common Problems in Old Age

• Physical helplessness

• Economic insecurity

• Establishing living conditions in accordance with changes in economic/physical

conditions

• Making new friends to replace those who have died, moved away, or who are

invalided

• Developing new activities to occupy increased leisure time

• Learning to treat grown children as adults

• Becoming involved in community activities planned for the elderly

• Deriving enjoyment from activities suited to elderly; willingness to substitute them

for activities formerly enjoyed but now too strenuous

• Being “victimized” or taken advantage of by salespersons, hoodlums, and

criminals because they are unable to defend themselves

Physical changes in old age

• Appearance

• Internal Changes

• Changes in Psychological Functions

• Sensory

• Common Physical Hazards

• Diseases and Physical Handicaps

• Malnutrition

• Dental Disorders

• Sexual Deprivation

• Accidents

• Psychological Hazards

• Acceptance of Cultural Stereotypes of the Elderly

• Effects of Physical Changes of Aging

• Changes in Life Patterns

• Tendency to “Slip” Mentally

• Feeling of Guilt about Idleness

• Reduced Income

• Social Disengagement

Adolescence