Module 8 - Section 1

Amazon RDS

• unmanaged

• managed

AWS solution categories:

Unmanaged

AWS solution category: Scaling, fault tolerance, and availability are managed by you.

Managed

AWS solution category: Scaling, fault tolerance, and availability are typically built into the service.

Server maintenance and energy footprint

Software installation and patches

Database backups and high availability

Limits on scalability

Data security

Operating system (OS) installation and patches

Challenges of relational databases:

Amazon RDS

a managed service that sets up and operates a relational database in the cloud.

on premises

When your database is ___, the database administrator is responsible for everything

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance

If you move to a database that runs on an ___, you no longer need to manage the underlying hardware or handle data center operations

patching the OS, handling all software and backup operations

If you move to a database that runs on an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance, you no longer need to manage the underlying hardware or handle data center operations. However, you are still responsible for ___ and ___

Amazon RDS or Amazon Aurora

If you set up your database on ___, you reduce your administrative responsibilities

optimizing your application

By moving to the cloud, you can automatically scale your database, enable high availability, manage backups, and perform patching. Thus, you can focus on what really matters most—___.

• application optimization

Managed services responsibilities: user manages:

OS installation and patches

Database software installation and patches

Database backups

High availability

Scaling

Power and racking and stacking servers

Server maintenance

Managed services responsibilities: AWS manages:

operational workload, costs

Offloading these operations to the managed Amazon RDS service reduces your ___ and the ___ that are associated with your relational database

database instance

The basic building block of Amazon RDS is the __

database instance

an isolated database environment that can contain multiple user-created databases. It can be accessed by using the same tools and applications that you use with a standalone database instance

database instance class, type of storage

The resources in a database instance are determined by its ___, and the ___ is dictated by the type of disks.

• MySQL

• Amazon Aurora

• Microsoft SQL Server

• PostgreSQL

• MariaDB

• Oracle.

Amazon RDS currently supports six databases:

CPU

Memory

Network performance

DB Instance Classes (?):

Magnetic

General Purpose (solid state drive, or SSD)

Provisioned IOPS

DB Instance Storages:

Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC)

You can run a database (?) instance by using ___.

• own IP address ranges

• create subnets

• configure routing and ACLs

You can run an instance by using Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). When you use a virtual private cloud (VPC), you have control over your virtual networking environment.

You can select your:

true

true/false: The basic functionality of Amazon RDS is the same whether or not it runs in a VPC

Availability Zone

Subnets in a VPC are associated with a single ___, so when you select the subnet, you are also choosing the ___ (or physical location) for your database instance

configure your database instance for high availability with a Multi-AZ deployment

One of the most powerful features of Amazon RDS is the ability to:

standby copy

After a Multi-AZ deployment is configured, Amazon RDS automatically generates a ___ of the database instance in another Availability Zone within the same VPC

synchronously replicated

After a Multi-AZ deployment is configured, Amazon RDS automatically generates a standby copy of the database instance in another Availability Zone within the same VPC. After seeding the database copy, transactions are ___ to the standby copy

availability

Running a database instance in a Multi-AZ deployment can enhance ___ during planned system maintenance, and it can help protect your databases against database instance failure and Availability Zone disruption.

Amazon RDS Domain Name System (DNS) endpoint

Because your applications reference the database by name by using the ___, you don't need to change anything in your application code to use the standby copy for failover.

read replicas

Amazon RDS also supports the creation of ___ for MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, and Amazon Aurora

• MySQL

• MariaDB

• PostgreSQL

• Amazon Aurora

Amazon RDS also supports the creation of read replicas for:

Offers asynchronous replication

Can be promoted to primary if needed

Amazon RDS read replicas features:

Use for read-heavy database workloads

Offload read queries

Amazon RDS read replicas functionality:

asynchronously copied

Updates that are made to the source database instance are ___ to the read replica instance

read replica

You can reduce the load on your source database instance by routing read queries from your applications to the ___

asynchronous replication

Read replicas can also be promoted to become the primary database instance, but this requires manual action because of ___.

true

true/false: Read replicas can be created in a different Region than the primary database

• web and mobile applications

• ecommerce applications

• mobile and online games

RDS Use Cases:

• high throughput

• massive storage scalability

• high availability

RDS Use Cases: Web and mobile applications

• low-cost database

• data security

• fully managed solution

RDS Use Cases: Ecommerce applications

• rapidly grow capacity

• automatic scaling

• database monitoring

RDS Use Cases: mobile and online games

• Complex transactions or complex queries

• A medium to high query or write rate – up to 30,000 IOPS (15,000 reads + 15,000 writes)

• No more than a single worker node or shard

• High durability

Use Amazon RDS when your application requires:

• Massive read/write rates (for example 150,000 writes per second)

• Sharding due to high data size or throughput demands

• Simple GET or PUT requests and queries that a NoSQL database can handle

• Or, relational database management system (RDBMS) customization

Do not use Amazon RDS when your application requires:

• NoSQL database solution (such as DynamoDB)

• running your relational database engine on Amazon EC2 instances instead of Amazon RDS

For circumstances when you should not use Amazon RDS, consider either using a ___ or ___

• clock-hour billing

• database characteristics

• DB purchase type

• Number of DB instances

• provisioned storage

• additional storage

• deployment type

• data transfer

Amazon RDS considerations:

clock hours of service time

are resources that incur charges when they are running (for example, from the time you launch a database instance until you terminate the instance).

Clock-hour billing

Amazon RDSconsideration: Resources incur charges when running

Database characteristics

Amazon RDS consideration: Physical capacity of database, like engine, size, and memory class

DB purchase type

Amazon RDS consideration: type of instance

On-Demand Instances

DB purchase type: Compute capacity by the hour

Reserved Instances

DB purchase type: Low, one-time, upfront payment for database instances that are reserved with a 1-year or 3-year term

number of DB instances

Amazon RDS consideration: Provision multiple DB instances to handle peak loads

provisioned storage

Amazon RDS consideration: either no charge or monthly charge

No charge

provisioned storage: Backup storage of up to 100 percent of database storage for an active database

Charge (GB/month)

provisioned storage: Backup storage for terminated DB instances

Additional storage

Amazon RDS consideration: amount of backup storage in addition to the provisioned storage amount, which is billed per GB, per month

per GB, per month

the charge for additional storage is:

requests

Amazon RDS consideration: The number of input and output requests that are made to the database

deployment type

Amazon RDS consideration: Storage and I/O charges vary, depending on the number of Availability Zones that you deploy to.

Data transfer

Amazon RDS consideration: Inbound data transfer is free, and outbound data transfer costs are tiered.

Reserved Instances

Depending on the needs of your application, it’s possible to optimize your costs for Amazon RDS database instances by purchasing ___