The Physical World

cave

noun [ C ]

a large hole in the side of a hill, cliff, or mountain, or one that is underground

洞穴;山洞;地洞

cave

verb [ I ]

informal(also cave in)

to agree to something that you would not agree to before, after someone has persuaded you or threatened you

讓步;屈服;妥協

After protests from customers, the company caved and removed the item from its stores.在顧客們進行抗議後，公司妥協了，從貨架上拿下了這件商品。

I knew he'd cave if they offered him more money.我就知道如果他們給他更多錢，他會妥協的。

cave in

(FALL)

If a ceiling, roof, or other structure caves in, it breaks and falls into the space below.

塌陷；坍塌；塌方

Because of the explosion, the roof of the building caved in, trapping several people.由於發生爆炸，建築物的頂部坍塌，幾個人被困在裡面。

(AGREE)

informal

to cave

讓步;屈服;妥協

At first, they refused to sign the agreement, but they caved in when they heard another firmwas being approached.起先，他們不肯在協議上簽字，但聽說我們正跟另一家公司接洽就答應了。

surface

noun

[ C ]

the outer or top part or layer of something

表面，表層，外層

Tropical rain forests used to cover ten percent of the earth's surface.以前，地球表面的10%都被熱帶雨林所覆蓋。

The marble has a smooth, shiny surface.大理石表面光滑亮澤。

Neil Armstrong was the first person to set foot on the surface of the moon.尼爾‧阿姆斯壯是第一個登上月球的人。

[ C ]

the top layer of a field or track on which sports are played

（場地或跑道的）地面

The match will be played on an artificial/all-weather surface.這場比賽將會在人工／全天候場地上進行。

[ C ]

the flat top part of a table, cupboard, etc.

（桌子、櫥櫃等的）表面，檯面

a work surface工作檯面

Don't put anything wet on a polished surface, or it will leave a mark.別把任何濕東西放在拋光的檯面上，不然會留下印痕。

[ S ]

The surface of a situation or person is what they appear to be, or the features they have that are not hidden or difficult to see.

（情況的）表面；（人的）外表

On the surface, this seems like a difficult problem, but in fact there's an easy solution to it.表面上來看，這是一個難題，但事實上它很容易解決。

Beneath/Below/Under the surface of contemporary West Indian life lurk memories of slavery.在西印度現代生活的背後，有關奴隸制度的記憶依然揮之不去。

Suddenly, all her anger came/rose to the surface (= became obvious).她所有的憤怒一下子都爆發出來。

scratch/scrape the surface

idiom

to deal with only a very small part of a subject or a problem

僅觸及問題的表面

There's far more to be said - I've only had time to scratch the surface in this talk.要說的還有很多——由於時間關係，這次我只能粗略地談一下。

The amount of aid that has been offered is hardly going to scratch the surface of the problem.所提供的救援物資很少，對於解決問題只是杯水車薪。

surface

verb

[ I ]

to rise to the surface of water

浮出水面

The submarine surfaced a few miles off the coast.潛艇在離海岸幾英哩的地方浮出水面。

[ T ]

to cover a road or other area with a hard surface

給（道路等）鋪上硬面

[ I ]

If a feeling or information surfaces, it becomes known.

顯露，表露，浮現，公開

Doubts are beginning to surface about whether the right decision has been made.人們開始對這個決定是否正確表示質疑。

A rumour has surfaced that the company is about to go out of business.有傳言說這家公司要停業。

[ I ] informal

to get out of bed

起床

He never surfaces until at least 11.00 a.m. on a Sunday.他星期天至少要睡到上午11點才起床。

surface

adjective

working or operating on the top of the land or sea, rather than under the land or sea, or by air

地表上作業的；海面上作業的

[ before noun ]

appearing in a particular way but not always showing the truth

表面的；外表的

his surface appearance of calm confidence他表面上的冷靜自信

earth

noun

[ S or U ]

(also Earth)

the planet third in order of distance from the sun, between Venus and Mars; the world on which we live

地球;世界

The earth takes approximately 3651/4 days to go round the sun.地球圍繞太陽運轉一周大約需要365又1/4天

The circus has been described as the greatest show on earth (= in the world).這個馬戲團被譽為是全世界最棒的。

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are called "rocky planets".水星、金星、地球和火星被稱為「岩石行星」。

[ S or U ]

the land surface of the world rather than the sky or sea

陸地，地面

The earth was shaking and people rushed out of their houses in panic. 地面在抖動，人們驚恐地沖出房去。

He had enjoyed the voyage but was happy to feel the earth beneath his feet once more.他旅行非常愉快，但是也很高興回到了陸地上。

the usually brown, heavy and loose substance of which a large part of the surface of the ground is made, and in which plants can grow

泥土，土壤

The ploughed earth looked rich and dark and fertile.耕過的土地看起來黑油油的，非常肥沃。

[ C ]

a hole in the ground where an animal such as a fox lives

（狐狸等動物的）洞穴

come back down to earth

idiom (also bring someone back down to earth)

to start dealing with life and problems again after you have had a very exciting time, or to make someone do this

（使）從幻想中清醒過來；（使）回到現實中來；（使）開始腳踏實地處理問題

The realization of how little work I'd done for the exams brought me abruptly back down to earth.意識到要考試了，可是我還沒怎麽複習呢，我一下子被拉回到了現實中來。

the earth moved

idiom informal

If someone says the earth moved, they are joking about how good a sexual experience was.

（戲虐的說法）床都塌了，天搖地動，達到性高潮

how, what, why, etc. on earth...

idiom informal

used when you are extremely surprised, confused, or angry about something

（表示對某事吃驚、不解或氣憤）到底或究竟如何／甚麽／爲甚麽等

How on earth did this happen?這到底是怎麽發生的？

Why on earth didn't you tell me before?你究竟為甚麼以前沒有告訴我？

like nothing (else) on earth

idiom

very strange, unusual, or unpleasant

極其古怪；極不尋常；非常糟糕

With his make-up and strange clothes, he looked like nothing on earth.他化了妝，穿了一身稀奇古怪的衣服，看上去像個外星人。

cover

verb

[ T ]

to put or spread something over something, or to lie on the surface of something

蓋上;覆蓋;遮蓋;遮蔽

The light was so bright that I had to cover my eyes.燈光太亮，我只好遮住眼睛。

Snow covered the hillsides.白雪覆蓋了山坡。

cover someone (up) with something She covered him (up) with a blanket.她給他蓋上了毯子。

cover something with something Cover the meat with a layer of cheese.在肉上鋪一層起司。

be covered with/in The bandages were covered with/in blood.鮮血浸透了繃帶。

be covered by/with How much of the earth's surface is covered by/with water?地球表面有多大面積被水覆蓋？

[ T ]

to deal with or direct attention to something

處理；涉及；包括；針對

This leaflet covers what we've just discussed in more detail.這本小冊子有我們剛才討論問題的更多細節。

Do these parking restrictions cover residents as well as visitors?這些停車限制對住戶和訪客同樣適用嗎？

The salesman's territory covers the whole of the southeast.這名銷售員的業務覆蓋整個東南部。

[ T ]

to report the news about a particular important event

報道

She's covering the American election for BBC television.她在為英國廣播公司的電視臺報道美國大選。

[ T ]

to protect someone against loss, damage, accident, or having something stolen, by having insurance

給…保險，承保

cover someone against/for something Does your travel insurance cover you against/for the loss or theft of cash?你的旅行保險能爲你的現金丟失或失竊提供保險補償嗎？

[ T ]

to travel a particular distance

行，走過（一段路程）

We covered 400 km in three hours.三個小時我們趕了400公里。

[ T ]

to be or give enough money to pay for something

足夠支付

cover the cost The selling price barely covered the cost of the raw materials.銷售價剛剛夠抵付原材料費。

cover expenses For some writers, having to cover expenses like meals and travel makes it unaffordable to speak at book festivals.

[ T ]

to aim a gun or shoot at someone to try to stop them from shooting or escaping, or to protect someone else

以槍瞄準（以防射擊或逃跑）;（用槍炮）掩護

The police officer was covered by her colleagues while she ran towards the gunman's hideout.員警在她同伴的掩護下奔向持槍歹徒藏身之處。

[ T ]

When soldiers or police officers cover a place such as a road or building, they are in a position from which they can watch and defend it.

守住；封鎖（道路、建築物等）

All the exits are covered, so they can't escape.所有出口都被封鎖了，所以他們插翅難逃。

[ T ] US

(UK mark)

to prevent a member of the opposing team from taking control of the ball by staying close to them all the time

（球類團體比賽中）盯防

The Bullets kept assigning different players to cover him.

[ I or T ]

to do someone else's job or duty when they are absent

代替，頂替（某人的工作或職責）

cover something for someone I'm going to the doctor's tomorrow, so do you think you could cover my shift for me?明天我要去看醫生，你能代我的班嗎？

cover for Sorry, I'm already covering for someone else.抱歉，我已經在幫別人代班了。

[ T ]

to make a recording of a song or tune that has already been recorded by someone else

轉錄（歌曲等）;翻唱

I think more singers have covered "Yesterday" than any other song.我想翻唱《昨日》的歌手人數超過其他任何一首歌的翻唱人數。

cover yourself

to do something to protect yourself from blame or criticism in the future

採取措施保護自己（不在未來因此受到責怪或批評）

I kept copies of my expense receipts, just to cover myself.我把花費的票據都複印保留了一份，免得讓人挑出毛病。

cover all the bases

idiom

(US cover the bases)

to do everything necessary to be sure that something is successful

面面俱到

I think I’ve covered all the bases – I called everyone, ordered the food, and bought some decorations.我想我已經面面俱到，盡我所能了­­——我給每個人打了電話，定了餐，還買了一些裝飾品。

cover your backside/behind/rear

idiom disapproving very informal

(also US disapproving offensive cover your ass/butt)

to do something to protect yourself from blame or criticism in the future

（做某事以）保護自己的利益，不讓別人抓住痛腳

This so-called enquiry is purely designed to cover their backsides.

cover your tracks

idiom

to hide or destroy the things that show where you have been or what you have been doing

掩蓋行蹤；抹去所做事情的痕跡

Roberts covered his tracks by throwing the knife in the river.羅伯茨把刀扔進河裡以圖掩蓋痕跡。

cover something up

to stop people discovering the truth about something bad

掩蓋；掩飾；隱瞞

The company tried to cover up its employment of illegal immigrants.這間公司企圖掩蓋其僱用非法移民的事實。

cover-up

noun [ C ]

an attempt to prevent the public from discovering information about a serious crimeor mistake

掩蓋；掩飾；遮掩

Allegations of a cover-up of the effects of pollution have been strongly denied.有關掩蓋工業污染危害的指責遭到了堅決否認。

cover

noun

[ C ]

something that is put on or over something else, usually to protect it, to keep something in, etc.

蓋子；罩子；遮蓋物；覆蓋物

I keep my computer printer under a protective plastic cover.我用塑膠保護罩蓋住電腦印表機。

Remove the packaging and pierce the plastic cover before microwaving.去掉包裝，紮破保護膜，然後用微波爐加熱。

[ C ]

the stiff outside part of a book or magazine, usually made of thick paper or cardboard

（書或雜誌的）封面，封底

Who should we put on the cover of the magazine this month?本月我們雜誌的封面人物該上誰呢？

Paperback books have soft covers.平裝書用軟書皮。

[ U ]

shelter or protection in an unpleasant or dangerous situation

掩蔽處；遮蔽處；保護

take cover We took cover from the storm in a bus shelter.我們在公車站躲避暴風雨。

under cover of The burglar broke into the house under cover of darkness.竊賊在夜幕掩護下闖進那所房子。

[ U ]

plants, especially bushes, that are used as shelter by animals

（尤指動物藏身的）覆蓋植物，灌木叢

[ U ]

protection by someone who has a gun

（持槍者為另一人所作的）掩護；保護

cover from We needed more cover from the enemy aircraft.我們需要更多掩護以躲避敵人的空襲。

[ C ]

(also cover version)

a performance or recording of a song or tune that has already been recorded by someone else

轉錄（歌曲等）;翻唱

How many cover versions have been made of "My Way"?《我的路》有多少個翻唱版本？

read something from cover to cover

to read a book, magazine, etc. all the way through from the beginning to the end:

On Sundays, I stay in bed all morning and read the paper from cover to cover.

covers [ plural ]

the blankets, sheets, etc. on a bed:

Martha threw back the covers and bounced out of bed.瑪莎掀掉毯子，跳下床來。

world

noun

[ S ]

the earth and all the people, places, and things on it

地球，世界

Different parts of the world have very different climatic conditions.世界上不同地區的氣候狀況大不相同。

Which bridge has the longest span in the world?世界上哪座橋的跨度最大？

News of the disaster shocked the (whole/entire) world.關於那場災難的消息震驚了（整個）世界。

We live in a changing world and people must learn to adapt.我們生活在一個不斷變化的世界，人們必須學會適應。

She's a world authority on foetal development.她是世界上胎兒發育領域的權威。

a world record/championship世界紀錄／冠軍

[ C usually singular ]

a group of things such as countries or animals, or an area of human activity or understanding

領域;界;世界

the Muslim world穆斯林（回教）世界

the modern/industrialized world現代／工業化世界

the animal world動物界

stars from the rock music world搖滾音樂界的明星們

Unexpected things can happen in the world of subatomic particles.在亞原子粒子世界中，可能會有出人意料的情況發生。

[ C ]

a planet or other part of the universe, especially one where life might or does exist

（尤指可能或確有生命存在的）星球，天體

There was a man on the news last night who believes we've been visited by beings from other worlds.昨晚的新聞報道中，有個男子認為外星生物曾經拜訪過我們。

at one with the world

idiom

happy because you feel that you belong in the world and generally agree with what happens

與世界融為一體;與世界和諧相處

be worlds apart

idiom

to be completely opposed or different

完全相反；截然不同

They are worlds apart in their political views.他們的政治觀點截然相反。

for all the world

idiom

exactly

完全

She sounds for all the world like her mother on the phone.她的聲音在電話裡聽起來和她媽媽的聲音完全一樣。

go/come down in the world

idiom informal (US also move down in the world)

to have less money or a worse social position than you had before

潦倒；落泊

They used to live in a big house with lots of servants, but they've come down in the world since then.他們曾經住在一所大房子裡，僕役成群，可後來家道中落。

go/come up in the world

idiom informal (US also move up in the world)

to have more money or a better social position than you had before

飛黃騰達；發跡

Roger and Ann have gone up in the world - these days they only ever travel first-class.羅傑和安飛黃騰達了——現在他們旅行只坐頭等艙。

have the world at your feet

idiom

to be extremely successful and admired by a large number of people

極為成功；為世人仰慕

Five years after her debut, the diminutive star of the Royal Ballet has the world at her feet.在初次登臺五年之後，這位皇家芭蕾舞團的嬌小明星取得了巨大的成功。

in a world of your own

idiom (also in another world)

thinking your own thoughts and ideas and not giving much attention to what is happening around you

沉浸在自己的世界中，與外界隔絕

When she was young, she lived in a world of her own and had very few friends.她年輕時生活在自己的世界中，沒有甚麼朋友。

make a world of difference

idiom

If something makes a world of difference, it improves something very much.

大大提高，使…有很大提高

A little sympathy makes a world of difference to someone who's been badly treated.對於那些遭到虐待的人來說，一點點同情心就會讓他們覺得備受關愛。

make the world go around/round

idiom

to be extremely important, so that many ordinary events could not happen without it

極其重要；必不可少

Love/Money makes the world go round.愛情／金錢是極為重要的。

a man/woman of the world

idiom

someone who has a lot of experience of life and people, and can deal with most situations

閱歷豐富的人，老練的人

mean the world to someone

idiom

(UK also be (all) the world to someone)

to be extremely important to someone

是（某人）的一切；對（某人）來說非常重要

Her children mean the world to her.她的幾個孩子就是她的一切。

not for the world

idiom

(UK also not for all the world)

never; not in any situation

不管怎樣都不，無論如何都不

If I took that job I'd have to leave the kids and I wouldn't do that for the world.如果我接受那份工作，就要必須離開孩子們，而我無論如何都不會那樣做。

out of this world

idiom informal

extremely good

極好的;非常棒的

What a restaurant - the food was out of this world!多好的餐館呀——飯菜真是棒極了！

the ways of the world

idiom

the types of behaviour and ways of doing things that are acceptable

世情，人情世故

He's very young and still has a lot to learn about the ways of the world.他非常年輕，還有很多人情世故要學。

what, how, why, etc. in the world

idiom informal

used to emphasize your surprise when asking a question

（用在疑問句中強調很吃驚）究竟，到底

What in the world are you doing in the cupboard?你究竟在碗櫃裡做什麼呢？

Who in the world could do such a thing?到底有誰能做這樣的事？

what's the world coming to?

idiom

something you say that means that life is not as pleasant or safe as it was in the past

世界變成什麼樣了？（抱怨生活不像過去那樣舒適或安全了）

What's the world coming to when you can't leave your house for five minutes without someone trying to break in and rob you?現在你離開家僅五分鐘就可能遭人進屋洗劫，這是甚麼世道啊！

the world is someone's oyster

idiom

If the world is your oyster, you can do what you want or go where you want.

（某人）可以隨心所欲，（某人）可以為所欲為

You're young and healthy and you have no commitments - the world is your oyster.你年輕、健康，並且沒有甚麼負擔——可以隨心所欲地做你想做的事。

a world of difference

idiom

If there is a world of difference between two people or things, they are very different.

很大差別

There's a world of difference between the service in the two hotels.這兩家飯店的服務有天壤之別。

temperature

noun

[ C or U ]

the measured amount of heat in a place or in the body

溫度;體溫

Preheat the oven to a temperature of 200 degrees Celsius.把爐子預熱到攝氏200度。

Temperatures have risen over the past few days (= the weather has become warmer).最近幾天氣溫突然上升了。

The doctor examined him and took his temperature (= measured it).醫生給他做檢查，並量了他的體溫。

[ U ]

If you say that the temperature in a particular situation is rising, you mean that it is likely to become violent because people have become angry.

緊張程度，激烈程度

The temperature of the discussion started to rise as each side added its own arguments.由於討論雙方各執一詞，氣氛開始變得緊張起來。

run/have a temperature

to have a higher body temperature than normal and to be ill

發燒

degree

noun

[ C usually singular, U ]

(an) amount or level of something

數量；程度；水準

This job demands a high degree of skill.這項工作對技術的要求很高。

There isn't the slightest degree of doubt that he's innocent.毫無疑問，他是無辜的。

I have to warn you that there's a degree of (= some) danger involved in this.我必須警告你這裡面有一定的危險。

The number of terrorist attacks has increased to a terrifying degree.恐怖襲擊的次數已經到了駭人的程度。

There was some degree of truth in what she said.她的話有一定的真實性。

To what degree do you think we will be providing a better service?你認為我們的服務還有多大的改進空間？

"That's really bad." "Well, it's all a matter/question of degree (= there are other things better and other things worse)."「那可真是太糟糕了。」「只是程度不同而已。」

[ C ]

(written abbreviation deg.)

any of various units of measurement, especially of temperature or angles, usually shown by the symbol ° written after a number

度，度數（尤指溫度或角度的度量單位，通常在數字後用符號 °來表示）

a difference of three degrees三度之差

Water boils at 212° Fahrenheit and 100° Celsius/Centigrade.水在212華氏度，即100攝氏度沸騰。

A right angle is an angle of 90°.直角為90度。

New York is on a latitude of 41°N and a longitude of 74°W.紐約位於北緯41度、西經74度。

[ C ]

a course of study at a college or university, or the qualification given to a studentafter he or she has completed his or her studies

課程;學位

She has a physics degree/a degree in physics from Edinburgh.她獲得了愛丁堡大學物理學學位。

mainly US She has a bachelor's/master's degree in history from Yale.她獲得了耶魯大學歷史學專業的學士／碩士學位。

UK "What degree did you do at York?" "Geography."「你在約克大學修讀甚麼課程？」「地理學。」

by degrees

idiom

gradually

逐漸;逐步

The economy seems to be improving by degrees.經濟似乎在逐步好轉。

to a/some degree

idiom

partly

部分地；在某種程度上

To some degree I think that's right, but there are other factors which affect the situation.從某種程度上來講我認為那是對的，但是影響這種局面的還有其他因素。

-degree

suffix

used with an ordinal number to show how serious something is

…度，…級（與序數並用，表示某事物的嚴重性）

She suffered first-/second-/third-degree (= least serious/serious/very serious) burns on her legs.她的腿部受到一度／二度／三度燒傷。

US He's being charged with first-degree (= the most serious type of) murder.他被指控犯下一級謀殺罪。

over

preposition

Compare

under preposition (LOWER POSITION)

above or higher than something else, sometimes so that one thing covers the other; above

在…上方

The sign over the door said "Exit".門上方的牌子上寫著「出口」。

She held the umbrella over both of us.她撐著傘，為我們兩人擋雨。

Helicopters dropped leaflets over the city.直升機在城市上空散發傳單。

I put my hands over my eyes/ears because I couldn't bear to watch/listen.我用手捂住眼睛／耳朵，因為我看／聽不下去。

I couldn't hear what she was saying over the noise of the planes taking off (= the planeswere louder than her voice).因為飛機起飛時噪聲太大，我聽不清她在說甚麼。

in a position that is covering something

覆蓋;在…上面

Put a clean cloth over the cakes while they cool.在蛋糕變涼的時候，在上面放一塊乾淨的布。

I put a shawl over my shoulders.我在肩上披了條披肩。

across from one side to the other, especially by going up and then down

（越）過;從一邊到另一邊

She jumped over the gate.她躍過大門。

The road goes over the mountains, not through a tunnel.這條路並不是穿過隧道，而是翻山而過。

She is always chatting with her neighbour over the garden fence.她總是和鄰居隔著花園的籬笆閒聊。

From the top of the tower you could see for miles over the city.在塔頂上你能俯瞰這個城市，可以看到好幾英里遠。

Tanks travel over the most difficult ground.坦克能在最難通行的道路上行駛。

falling down from somewhere

從…墜落

The coin rolled over the edge of the table.硬幣從桌邊滾了下來。

Harold jumped out of the car just before it went over the cliff.就在汽車從懸崖邊翻落下去之前，哈樂德從車裡跳了出來。

falling because of stepping on something

因為踩到某物而摔倒

She tripped over a toy lying on the path.她被小徑上的一個玩具絆倒了。

more than

在…以上，多於

Most of the carpets cost/are over $5,000.這些地毯價格大多在5000美元以上。

Children over the age of twelve (= older than twelve) pay the full price.12歲以上的孩子必須買全票。

I value quality of life over money.我把生活品質看得比金錢更重要。

increasing to further than a particular limit or point

超過

They are already $25 million over budget.他們的花費已經超過預算2500萬美元了。

on the other side of

在…的另一邊

There's a bar over the road we could go to.我們可以去路那邊的一家酒吧。

The story continues over the page.故事轉下一頁。

(referring to a cause of interest, worry, discussion, etc.) connected with or about

與…有關，關於，因為

There's no point in arguing over something so unimportant.爭論這樣的小事毫無意義。

I need time to talk/think over your proposal (= to discuss/consider it carefully).我需要時間談談／考慮考慮你的提議。

The legal battle was over who should have custody of the child.這場法律之爭是關於誰應該獲得這個孩子的監護權。

during something, or while doing something

在…期間

I was in Seattle over the summer.整個夏天我都在西雅圖。

Shall we discuss it over lunch/over a drink?我們邊吃午飯／邊喝點東西邊討論這個問題好嗎？

They took/spent an hour over lunch (= their meal lasted an hour).他們吃午飯花了一個小時。

It's fascinating to watch how a baby changes and develops over time (= as time passes).看著一個嬰兒隨著時間流逝而成長真是件奇妙的事。

in control of or teaching someone or something

（表示控制或管教）在…之上，高於

A good teacher has an easy authority over a class.出色的老師輕而易舉就能讓一整班的學生聽話。

She's a sales manager but she has a regional sales director over (= with a higher rank than)her.她是位銷售經理，可是她上面還有一位地區銷售主管。

The victory over the French at Waterloo was Wellington's greatest triumph.在滑鐵盧打敗法軍是威靈頓最大的勝利。

using

用

They spoke over the phone.他們在電話裡交談。

We heard the news over the radio.我們是從收音機裡聽到這個消息的。

sometimes used when talking about a calculation in which one number is divided by another number

除以

40 over 7 is roughly 6.40除以7約等於6。

Above or over?

When we use above as a preposition, it means ‘higher than’. Its meaning is close to that of the preposition over. In the following sentences, over can be used instead of above:

The waves came up above her head and she started screaming. (or … came up over her head …)

She is a nervous flier. But once the plane got above the clouds, she started to relax. (or … got overthe clouds …)

We use above, but not over, to refer to things that are at an upper or higher level:

[a ‘chalet’ is a small wooden building usually found in mountainous areas]

Do they live in that chalet above the village?

Not: Do they live in that chalet over the village?

We usually use above, but not over, when there is no contact between the things referred to. Over or on top of have a more general meaning, and can be used when one thing touches or covers another:

They made her comfortable and put a blanket over her.

Not: They made her comfortable and put a blanket above her.

We normally use over not above with numbers:

I get over sixty emails a day.

Not: I get above sixty emails a day.

If you weigh over 100 kilograms, then you may need to start a diet.

Not: If you weigh above 100 kilograms

Warning:

When we talk about temperatures in relation to zero or (the) average, we use above not over:

It was three degrees above zero.

Not: It was three degrees over zero.

When we refer to temperatures in other contexts, we can normally use above or over:

The temperature is already above 30 degrees. (or … over 30 degrees.)

Typical errors

• We don’t use over to mean ‘higher level’.

Most of the race is 500 metres above sea level.

Not: Most of the race is 500 metres over sea level.

• We don’t use above when one thing touches or covers another.

Pour some cream over the tart and serve it warm.

Not: Pour some cream above the tart

• We don’t use above with numbers.

Over 100 people complained about the programme.

Not: Above 100 people complained

over

adverb

from a higher to a lower position; down

（從…）向下

The lamp fell over and broke.燈掉下來，摔壞了。

He was run/knocked over by a taxi.他被一輛出租車撞倒了。

UK The little boy fell over and started to cry.小男孩摔倒後哭了起來。

across; from one side or place to another

越過;從一邊（或一地）到另一邊（或另一地）

She leaned over and kissed me.她俯身過來吻了我。

A fighter plane flew over.一架戰鬥機在空中掠過。

Why don't you come over (= come to my house) for dinner on Thursday?星期四過來吃晚餐吧？

A friend of mine from France is over visiting us this week (= a friend came from France and is staying with us).這週有個從加拿大來的朋友住在我這兒。

Now we're going over to (= there will be a broadcast from) Wembley for commentary on the Cup Final.現在我們來聽聽來自溫布利體育場的關於杯賽決賽的實況報道。

Come over here - it's warmer.過來——這兒較暖。

Who's that man over there?那邊那個男人是誰？

used to describe the way an object moves or is moved so that a different part of it is facing up

翻過，翻轉

She turned another page over.她又翻了一頁。

The dog rolled over onto its back.狗翻過身仰面躺著。

The children rolled over and over (= turned over many times) down the gentle slope.孩子們在緩坡上一次次地滾下來玩。

changing or exchanging position

變換，交換（位置）

Would you mind changing/swapping those plates over?可以把那些碟子調換一下位置嗎？

She changed over to editing from marketing.她不做行銷，改當編輯了。

Why should we hand over the money to them?為什麼我們要把錢交給他們？

I've done everything I can - now it's over to you (= it's your turn to take action).我能做的都做了——現在該看你的行動。

above or higher than something else, sometimes so that one thing covers the other

在…上方

A fighter plane flew over.一架戰鬥機在空中掠過。

A man came to paint over (= cover with paint) the cracks in the wall.來了一個人用油漆塗蓋牆上的裂縫。

more than a particular amount or level

超過，以上

People who are 65 years old and over can get half-price tickets.65歲或以上人士可半價購票。

(especially of an event) finished

（尤指事件）結束的，完畢的

I'll be glad when the competition is over.競賽結束，我會很高興。

I used to have a thriving business and a happy marriage, but that's all over now.我曾經生意興旺婚姻幸福，但現在全都完了。

extra; not used

額外地；剩餘地

I have some euros left over from the last time I was in France.上回我去法國還剩了些歐元。

UK When all the guests had gone, we realized there was lots of food over.客人都走了以後，我們發現還剩下很多食物。

US

again or repeatedly

再，又;重複地

You ruined it - now I'll have to do it over!你把它弄砸了——現在我要再做一遍！

said when you are talking to someone by radio, to mean that you have finished speaking and will wait for their answer

（用於無線電通話）完畢，請回話

"This is flight 595X. Do you read me? Over."「這裡是595X航班。你聽到了嗎？完畢。」

over and above

in addition to:

They receive extra money over and above the usual welfare payments.除了通常的福利費以外，他們還收到一筆額外的補助。

be/get over something

to feel physically or mentally better after an illness or an upsetting experience:

It takes you a while to get over an illness like that.得那樣的病需要一段時間才能恢復過來。

all over somewhere

everywhere in a particular place

到處，遍及

Soon the news was all over town.很快，消息就傳遍了全鎮。

be someone all over

idiom informal

to be the typical behaviour of a particular person

正是（某人的）行事方式；（某人）就是這樣

She's always talking - that's Claire all over.她總是說個不停——克萊爾就是這樣的。

be all over someone

idiom informal

to be touching someone in a sexual way everywhere on their body

（指性行為）將（某人）壓在身下

She was all over him, kissing him and running her hands through his hair.她把他整個壓在身下，親吻並撫摸他的頭髮。

 over and done with (US also done and over with)

completely finished:

She gets unpleasant tasks over and done with as quickly as possible.她會盡快處理好棘手的任務。

over and out

said when you are talking to someone by radio in order to end the conversation, or when you humorously want to say that something is finished:

"Thank you, control tower. Over and out."「謝謝，控制塔。通話完畢。」

over and over (again)

idiom

happening or done many times

一再地，再三地

I read the article over and over till it made sense.我把文章讀了一遍又一遍，直到讀懂為止。

it isn't over until the fat lady sings

idiom saying

used for saying that it is still possible for a situation to change

某情形仍有機會改變

over-

prefix

too much or more than usual

太，過分

The children got over-excited (= too excited).孩子們興奮過頭了。

more than

在…以上，超過

a club for the over-50s50歲以上人士參加的俱樂部

across

（越）過；從一邊到另一邊

Of course, the overland route is much slower than going by air.當然，走陸路比坐飛機要慢多了。

above

懸於…之上；突出於…之上

She was knocked off her bicycle by an overhanging branch.她被一根垂下來的樹枝撞下了腳踏車。

Over is a preposition, adverb, adjective or prefix.

Over as a preposition

Over for movement and position

We use over to talk about movement or position at a higher level than something else:

A beautiful white bird flew over the lake.

With an umbrella over my head, I was able to protect myself from the midday sun.

We can also use over when talking about movement across a surface:

A small boat came over the lake and approached our cottage.

Shall we go over the road and see if there’s a bank on the other side?

Over and all over

We can use over, and the stronger form all over, when something is covering something:

You can buy a plastic cover to put over your computer if you’re worried about dust.

He had mud all over his face.

Over for periods of time

We can use over to refer to extended periods of time:

Over a period of three centuries, very little changed in the pattern of life for the poorest people.

What are you doing over the summer holidays? Are you going away?

Over with numbers

Over means ‘more than’ a particular number, or limit:

There were over 100 people at the lecture.

If your hand baggage weighs over 10 kilos, you must check it in.

She couldn’t enter the competition. She was over the age limit.

Over as an adverb

We can use over as an adverb to talk about movement above something or someone:

We were sitting in the garden and a huge flock of geese flew over. It was beautiful.

Over as an adverb can mean ‘to someone’s house’:

Would you like to come over and have dinner one evening? (to the speaker’s house)

Over and over (adverb phrase)

Over and over means ‘repeatedly’, ‘many times’. It often refers to things which people do not want to happen:

[adult to a little child]

Stop it! I’ve told you over and over not to play with the radio!

Over as an adjective: be over

We can use be over to mean ‘finished’, ‘at an end’:

We were so late that, when we got to the cinema, the film was over.

Over as a prefix

We can use over as a prefix to mean ‘too much’. We connect over to the word which comes after it, sometimes with a hyphen after over:

That new restaurant is overpriced if you ask me. (the meals are too expensive)

I didn’t enjoy the play. It was a student production, and everyone seemed to be overacting.

These are the main meanings of over but you will find other meanings and phrasal verbs with over in a good learner’s dictionary.

Over: typical errors

• Over, when used with periods of time, refers to the period from start to finish, not to any one moment during that time:

I arrived during the afternoon.

Not: I arrived over the afternoon.

• Over as a prefix meaning ‘too much’ is connected to the word that comes after it, sometimes with a hyphen; we don’t write two separate words:

The nightclub was overcrowded.

Not: The nightclub was over crowded.

Across, over or through?

Across

We use across as a preposition (prep) and an adverb (adv). Across means on the other side of something, or from one side to the other of something which has sides or limits such as a city, road or river:

We took a boat [PREP]across the river.

[PREP]Across the room, she could see some old friends. She got up and went to join them.

My neighbour came [ADV]across to see me this morning to complain about our cat.

The road was so busy that we found it difficult to get [ADV]across.

We also use across when something touches or stretches from one side to another:

The Ponte Vecchio is a beautiful old bridge across the river Arno in Florence.

She divided the page by drawing a red line across it. Then she cut it in two.

Especially in American English, across from is used to refer to people or objects being ‘opposite’ or ‘on the other side’:

The pharmacy is across from the Town Hall.

Helen’s office is just across from mine.

We use across to emphasise that something is happening at the same time in many places, e.g. within an organisation, a city or a country:

She’s opened coffee shops across the city and they’re very successful.

Across the country, people are coming out to vote for a new president.

We also use across to refer to the width or diagonal measurement of something:

The size of a television screen is measured from the higher corner of one side to the lower corner of the other side, that is, from one corner across to the opposite corner.

Across comes after measurements when we talk about diameter or width:

The building is 157 metres long, 92 metres across and the façade is 68 metres wide.

Over

We use over as a preposition and an adverb to refer to something at a higher position than something else, sometimes involving movement from one side to another:

From the castle tower, you can see [PREP]over the whole city.

We toasted marshmallows [PREP]over the fire.

We drove high up [PREP]over the mountains on a narrow dangerous road.

Suddenly a plane flew [ADV]over and dropped hundreds of leaflets.

Come over often means to come to the speaker’s home:

You must come [ADV]over and have dinner with us some time.

Especially when we use them as adverbs, over can mean the same as across:

We walked over to the shop. (or We walked across to the shop – the shop is on the other side of the road)

I was going across to say hello when I realised that I couldn’t remember his name. (or I was goingover to say … meaning ‘to the other side of the street or room’)

Across or through?

Movement

When we talk about movement from one side to another but ‘in something’, such as long grass or a forest, we use through instead of across:

I love walking through the forest. (through stresses being in the forest as I walk)

Not: I love walking across the forest.

When my dog runs through long grass, it’s difficult to find him. (through stresses that the dog is in the grass)

Not: When my dog runs across long grass …

Time

When referring to a period of time from start to finish, American English speakers often use through where British English speakers say from … to/till …:

The office is open Monday through Friday, 9 am–5 pm. (preferred British form: from Monday to Friday)

Warning:

We use over, not through, to refer to periods of time from start to finish when a number is specified (of days, weeks, etc.):

Over the last few days, I have been thinking a lot about quitting my job.

Across, over and through: typical errors

• When moving from one side to another while surrounded by something, we use through not across:

We cycled through a number of small villages.

Not: We cycled across a number of small villages.

• When we talk about something extending or moving from one side to another, we use across not on:

The papers were spread across the table.

Not: The papers were spread on the table.

• We don’t use through when we’re talking about periods of time from start to finish and we mention a specific number of days, weeks, etc:

We haven’t seen each other much over the last four years.

Not: We haven’t seen each other much through the last four years.

minus

preposition

Compare

plus preposition

reduced by a stated number

減（去）

What is 57 minus 39?57減39是多少？

That will be $1,500, minus the deposit of $150 that you already paid.一共是1500美元，再減去你已付的150美元的定金。

informal

without, or lacking

沒有，缺少

We're minus a chair for Elsa - could you get one from the other room?我們沒有椅子給伊爾莎坐了——你能從另一個房間拿一張過來嗎？

minus

noun [ C ]

plural minuses

a disadvantage or a bad feature

缺點；不利條件

Having to travel such a long way to work is a definite minus.上班的路程這麼遠無疑是一個不利之處。

(also minus sign)

the (-) sign, written between two numbers to show that the second number should be taken away from the first, or in front of one number to show that it has a value of less than 0

減號;負號

minus

adjective

See also

negative adjective (BELOW ZERO)

[ before noun ]

A minus number or amount is less than zero.

（數字）負的

[ before noun ]

used to show that temperatures are less than zero

零下的

Temperatures could fall to minus eight tonight.今晚氣溫可能會下降到零下八度。

[ after noun ]

used after a mark given to written work to mean that it is of a slightly lower standardthan that mark

略差一些的，稍差的

I got A minus for my English homework.我的英語功課得了 A-。

[ before noun ]

used to describe a disadvantage or bad point

不利的；不好的

One of the minus points of working at home is not having social contact with colleagues.在家工作的一個缺點是欠缺和同事的交往。

canal

noun [ C ]

See also

alimentary canal specialized

a long, thin stretch of water that is artificially made either for boats to travel along or for taking water from one area to another

運河;渠

The Panama Canal provides a crucial shipping link between the Atlantic and Pacificoceans.巴拿馬運河是連接大西洋和太平洋至關重要的航道。

MEDICAL   specialized

a narrow tube through which air, fluid, or other substances can pass

管，道

The alimentary canal is the path by which food enters the body, and solid waste is passed out.消化道是食物進入身體，固體廢物排出身體的通道。

alimentary canal

noun [ C ]

 MEDICAL specialized

(also alimentary tract)

Synonym

digestive tract

the parts of the body that food goes through as it is eaten and digested

消化道

I had an abscess in the lower part of my alimentary canal.

There may be an obstruction in the alimentary tract.

digestive tract

noun [ C usually singular ]

 MEDICAL specialized

the tube-like passage from the mouth, through the stomach and to the anus, through which food travels during digestion

消化道（從口腔開始，經由胃腸，直到肛門的食物通道）

waterfall

noun [ C ]

water, especially from a river or stream, dropping from a higher to a lower point, sometimes from a great height

瀑布

fall

verb

[ I ]

to suddenly go down onto the ground or towards the ground without intending to or by accident

The path's very steep, so be careful you don't fall.小路很陡，小心別摔倒。

He fell badly and broke his leg.他重重跌倒，摔斷了腿。

Athletes have to learn how to fall without hurting themselves.運動員必須學會跌倒時怎麼避免自己受傷。

The horse fell at the first fence.那匹馬在跳過第一道障礙物時就摔倒了。

I fell down the stairs and injured my back.我跌下樓梯，背部受了傷。

The object appeared to have fallen from a great height.這件物體似乎是從很高的地方落下來的。

The water's deep here, so don't fall in!這裡的水很深，別掉進去了！

She slipped and fell on the ice.她滑了一下，摔倒在冰上。

He fell into the river and had to be rescued.他掉進了河裡，需要救援。

I fell off my bike and scraped my knee.我從腳踏車上掉下來，摔壞了膝蓋。

He was leaning out of the window and almost fell out.他從窗戶探身出去，差一點摔下去。

She fell under a bus and was killed instantly.她跌到公共汽車下面，當場被軋死了。

She fell five metres to the bottom of the ravine.她跌進了五米深的溝底。

He fell to his death climbing the Matterhorn.他在攀登馬特杭峰時摔死了。

[ I ]

to become lower in size, amount, or strength

（規模、數量或力量）減少，降低

Demand for new cars has fallen due to the recession.由於經濟衰退，人們對新車的需求減少了。

The standard of his work has fallen during the year.今年內他的工作水準下降了。

Salaries in the public sector are expected to fall by 15 percent this year.今年國有企業的工資預計下降15%。

The temperature could fall below zero overnight.氣溫可能一夜間下跌到零度以下。

Average temperatures fell by ten degrees.平均氣溫下降了十度。

The pound has fallen to its lowest-ever level against the dollar.英鎊對美元的匯率下跌到歷史最低水準。

When the teacher walked in, the children's voices fell to a whisper (= they became very quiet).老師一走進來，孩子便壓低了聲音小聲講話。

Share prices fell sharply this week.本周股價驟跌。

[ I ]

to come down onto the ground or from a high position to a lower position

落下；降落

The snow had been falling steadily all day.雪持續下了一整天。

It was October and the leaves had started to fall.十月了，樹葉開始掉落。

She fell into bed, completely exhausted.她筋疲力盡，倒在床上。

A bomb fell on the church and destroyed it.一枚炸彈落在教堂上，把教堂炸毀了。

A huge meteor fell to Earth in the middle of the desert.一顆巨大的流星隕落在地球上，落在沙漠中央。

He begged for mercy as the blows fell on him (= as he was being hit).他挨打時求饒了。

[ I ]

When the curtain falls in the theatre, it comes down because the play or performance has ended.

落幕；（戲劇或演出）結束

The audience was still laughing as the curtain fell.演出結束時觀眾仍在大笑。

[ I usually + adv/prep ]

to belong to a particular group, subject, or area

屬於（某一群體、學科或領域）

The material falls into three categories.這種材料分為三類。

Matters of discipline fall outside my area of responsibility.紀律方面的事不是我負責的。

[ I + adv/prep, L ]

to change to a particular condition from a different one

變成（某狀態）

He always falls asleep after drinking red wine.他喝完紅酒總是會睡著。

She suddenly fell ill.她突然病倒了。

The book fell open (= opened by chance) at a picture of Venice.碰巧翻到書中關於威尼斯的那一頁。

The president has fallen strangely silent on the issue of gun control.在控槍問題上，總統奇怪地變得十分沉默。

_UK Your rent falls due (= must be paid) on the first of the month.你的房租必須在每月一號繳付。

Silence fell on the group of men (= they became silent) as they received the news.聽到這個消息，他們沉默了。

She fell under the influence of (= began to be influenced by) an older student.她開始受到一名高年級學生的影響。

[ I ]

to be beaten or defeated

被打敗；被擊垮

The president fell from power during the military coup.在軍事政變中總統被推翻。

_UK The government finally fell after losing the support of the centre parties.失去中間黨派支持之後，本屆政府最終垮臺了。

[ I ]

If a place falls in a war or an election, an enemy army or a different political partygets control of it.

淪陷，失守；落敗

Rome fell to the Vandals in AD 455.羅馬在西元455年被汪達爾人攻陷。

_UK The constituency fell to Labour at the last election, after ten years of Conservative rule.在保守黨主導十年之後，這個選區在上屆選舉中落入了工黨手中。

[ I ] literary

If soldiers fall while fighting, they are killed.

陣亡，戰死

Many brave men fell in the fight to save the city.為保衛這座城市，許多勇士戰死了。

During the war, he saw many of his comrades fall in battle.戰爭中他目睹許多戰友陣亡。

[ I ]

to come at a particular time or happen in a particular place

落，降臨；發生

Easter falls late this year.今年的復活節來得遲。

My birthday will fall on a Friday this year.今年我的生日在星期五。

Night/Darkness had fallen by the time we got back to the camp.我們返回營地時夜幕已經降臨。

In the word "table", the accent falls on the first syllable.table這個詞的重音落在第一個音節上。

The Treasury has still not decided where the cuts will fall.財政部尚未決定削減哪些開支。

[ I usually + adv/prep ]

to hang down loosely

下垂，低垂

The boy's hair fell around his shoulders in golden curls.男孩的金色鬈髮垂在肩上。

The veil fell almost to her waist.面紗幾乎垂到她的腰際。

Fell or felt?

Fell is the past simple of the verb fall:

The snow fell all day in big white flakes.

He slipped and fell, hurting his leg quite badly.

She fell in love with him as soon as they met.

Not: She felt in love …

Felt is the past simple of the verb feel:

I felt really sad that they had lost all their money.

They felt his forehead and it was very, very hot.

Fall or fall down?

We can use fall as a noun or a verb. It means ‘suddenly go down onto the ground or towards the ground unintentionally or accidentally’. It can also mean ‘come down from a higher position’. As a verb, it is irregular. Its past form is fell and its -ed form is fallen. Fall does not need an object:

Mrs McGrath had a terrible fall yesterday. She’s in hospital now. (noun)

Four trees fell in the storm. (verb)

Oil prices have fallen recently.

Fall down is a phrasal verb. We use it when something falls to the ground from its normal position:

The picture keeps falling down. (from the wall to the ground)

He slipped and fell down.

Warning:

We use fall, not fall down, when trees drop their leaves during the autumn:

As autumn came and the leaves fell from the trees, she began to feel sad.

Not: … the leaves fell down …

We can’t use fall down to mean ‘come down from a higher position’:

House prices have fallen a lot this year.

Not: House prices have fallen down a lot …

fall flat on your face

informal

to fall and land with your face down:

Poor Kathy fell flat on her face in the mud.可憐的凱西臉朝下跌進了泥裡。

fall to your knees (also fall down on your knees)

to go down on your knees to show respect or gratitude:

The people all fell to their knees and began to pray.人們都跪了下來，開始祈禱。

your face falls

If your face falls, you suddenly look unhappy or disappointed:

His face fell when he saw the distance he still had to go.

fall

noun

[ C usually singular ]

the fact of the size, amount, or strength of something getting lower

（規模、數量或力量的）減少，降低

a fall in the price of petrol/the unemployment rate汽油價格的下跌／失業率的降低

We could hear the rise and fall of voices in the other room.我們聽見從另一個房間傳來忽高忽低的講話聲。

There was a fall in support for the party at the last election.上屆選舉時，這個黨的支持率下跌了。

[ C or U ] US

(UK autumn)

the season after summer and before winter, when fruits and crops become ready to eat and the leaves fall off the trees

秋季，秋天

I'm starting college in the fall.我秋天開始上大學。

Next fall we'll be back in New York.我們明年秋天回紐約。

a fall day/morning一個秋日/秋天的清晨

fall colours/foliage秋日的色彩/秋葉

[ C usually singular ]

the act of falling down to the ground, usually without intending to or by accident

跌倒;跌落;倒下

He had/took a nasty fall and hurt his back.他重重跌了一跤，傷了脊背。

the fall of the Berlin Wall (= when the Berlin Wall was destroyed)柏林圍牆的倒塌

[ C usually singular ]

an amount of something that moves down onto the ground or from a higher positionto a lower position

降落

a heavy fall of snow一場大雪

[ C usually singular ]

the fact of being defeated or losing your power

淪陷；滅亡；垮臺，失勢

the fall of Rome羅馬的陷落

The army took control of the city after the president's fall from power.總統垮臺後，軍隊控制了這座城市。

rainfall

noun [ U ]

rain, or the amount of rain that falls

下雨，降雨;（降）雨量

Heavy rainfall ruined the match.大雨讓這場比賽泡了湯。

The average annual rainfall in this region is 750 mm.該地區年平均降雨量是750毫米。

falls [ plural ]

often used in place names to mean a very wide waterfall, often made of many separate waterfalls:

Niagara Falls尼加拉瓜大瀑布

take a/the fall for someone

idiom US informal

to accept the blame for something another person did

替…承擔責任

I wasn't going to take the fall for him.我不打算替他揹黑鍋。

fall from grace

idiom

a situation in which you do something that makes people in authority stop liking you or admiring you

失寵;失去人心

The finance minister's fall from grace gave his enemies great satisfaction.財政部長失勢讓他的政敵幸災樂禍。

fall between two stools

idiom

If something falls between two stools, it fails to achieve either of two aims.

兩頭落空

The grammar guide falls between two stools - it's too difficult for a beginner but not detailedenough for an advanced student.這本文法指南對初學者和水準高的學生都不適用——對初學者太難，對水準高的學生又不夠詳細。

fall by the wayside

idiom

If someone falls by the wayside, they fail to finish an activity, and if something falls by the wayside, people stop doing it, making it, or using it.

中途退出;半途而廢

So why does one company survive a recession while its competitors fall by the wayside?那麼為甚麼一家公司熬過了經濟衰退期，而其競爭對手都中途倒閉了呢？

fall flat

idiom

If a joke, idea, or suggestion falls flat, it does not have the intended effect.

（笑話、想法或建議）未達到預期效果

He made several jokes and each of them fell flat.他講了幾個笑話，但全都不好笑。

fall foul of something

idiom

to break a rule or law, especially without intending to

（尤指無意識地）違反（規則或法律）

Manufacturers may fall foul of the new government guidelines.生產廠商可能會違反政府的新指導原則。

fall foul of someone

idiom

to have a disagreement with someone

與…產生分歧

Things were going well for her till she fell foul of the director.與主管產生分歧之前，她的工作進展得很順利。

fall in line

idiom (also fall into line)

If a person in an organization falls in/into line, he, she, or it starts to follow the rulesand behave according to expected standards of behaviour.

行為變規範;遵章守紀

Teachers are expected to fall in line with the new regulations.教師們應該遵守新的規章制度。

fall in love

idiom

to be very attracted to someone and begin to love them

相愛，墜入情網

They met and fell madly in love.他們邂逅，然後瘋狂地墜入愛河。

He fell in love with a young German student.他愛上了一個年輕的德國學生。

I thought I was falling in love.我想我墮入情網了。

fall into someone's arms

idiom literary

When people fall into each other's arms, they hold each other tightly with both arms, to show their love for each other.

（相愛的人）緊緊相擁

fall into place

idiom

When things fall into place, they happen in a satisfactory way, without problems.

有條不紊地進行，按部就班

If you plan the project well, then everything should fall into place.如果你的專案計劃得當，那麼一切都應該有條不紊地進行。

When events or details that you did not understand before fall into place, they become easy to understand.

變得清楚;明朗化

Once I discovered that the woman was his sister, everything fell into place.一旦我發現那個女人是他姐姐，一切都變得清楚起來。

fall into the wrong hands

idiom

If something falls into the wrong hands, a dangerous person or an enemy starts to own or control it.

落入敵手;陷入敵人的控制中

There are fears that the weapons might fall into the wrong hands.有人擔心武器可能會落入危險人物手中。

fall into the/someone's trap

idiom

to make a mistake or get into a difficult situation by doing something or by trusting someone

落入陷阱

Don't fall into the trap of thinking you can learn a foreign language without doing any work.不要以為甚麼都不做就能學會一門外語。

We fell right into the enemy's trap.我們正中敵人的圈套。

fall prey/victim to something/someone

idiom

to suddenly begin to suffer as a result of something or someone bad

深受…之害;成為…的犧牲品

Police fear that more senior citizens could fall prey to the thieves.警方擔心會有更多退休人士成為小偷的目標。

fall short

idiom

to fail to reach an amount or standard that was expected or hoped for, causing disappointment

未達到數量（或要求）

August car sales fell short of the industry's expectations.八月汽車銷量未達到業界的期望。

nearly/almost fall off your chair

idiom informal

to be extremely surprised

極為驚訝

She nearly fell off her chair when she heard the news.她聽到這個消息時極為驚訝。

fall on deaf ears

idiom

If a suggestion or warning falls on deaf ears, no one listens to it.

（建議或警告）未被理睬，被置若罔聞

Their appeals to release the hostages fell on deaf ears.他們釋放人質的要求未被理睬。

fall on hard times

idiom

to lose your money and start to have a difficult life

經濟困難，生活艱難

The scheme is designed to help kids whose parents have fallen on hard times.這個計劃旨在幫助父母遭遇經濟困難的孩子。

fall about

UK informal (also fall about laughing)

to laugh without being able to stop

笑得前仰後合;捧腹大笑

We fell about when we heard her reply.聽到她的回答，我們笑得前仰後合。

fall apart

to break into pieces

破碎；散架

My poor old boots are falling apart.我可憐的舊靴子快要散掉了。

If an organization, system, or agreement falls apart, it fails or stops workingeffectively.

破裂；解體，瓦解

The deal fell apart because of a lack of financing.由於缺乏資金，這筆交易告吹了。

Their marriage fell apart when she found out about her husband's affair.她發現丈夫有婚外情後，他們的婚姻破裂了。

to experience serious emotional problems that make you unable to think or act in the usual way

（感情）崩潰，垮掉

After his wife died, he began to fall apart.妻子過世後，他精神開始崩潰。

fall away

If parts of something fall away, they break off and drop to the ground.

脫落;剝落

On the bathroom ceiling, some pieces of plaster had fallen away.浴室頂上幾塊灰泥已經脫落了。

The rear sections of the rocket fell away.火箭尾部已分離。

literary

If a period of time falls away, it seems as if it has not happened.

（時間）倒流;不曾存在

As she looked at him, the years fell away, and she saw him again as a young boy.她望著他，多年的時間彷彿不曾存在，她又看見了他小孩時的模樣。

If land falls away, it slopes down suddenly.

（突然）向下傾斜

On the other side of the hill, the land falls away sharply.另一面山坡地勢陡降。

fall back

literary

to move back suddenly from someone or something, often because you are frightened

（常指因恐懼而）後退，撤退

She fell back in horror/disgust.她驚恐地／厭惡地往後退。

If an army falls back, it moves away from an enemy army in order to avoid fighting.

（軍隊）撤退

The infantry fell back in disarray.步兵倉皇撤退。

fall back on something

to use something, especially a form of financial support, when other things have failed

借助於;依賴，依靠

When the business failed, we had to fall back on our savings.公司倒閉後，我們只得靠積蓄度日。

If I lose my job, I'll have nothing to fall back on.我要是丟了工作，就甚麼指望都沒有了。