Russian and Chinese Revolutions 2024

pogroms

organized violence against Jews

Why did the Russian Czar's government collapse?

extreme losses, deaths and economic problems cause by World War 1

leader of Russian Red Army

Trotsky

Who takes control of the Communist Party in Russia?

Stalin

Great Purge

Stalin wanted to eliminate anyone who threatened his power

Who did Stalin persecute?

Jews, kulaks, Roman Catholics

Command Economy

all decisions were made by the government

Five Year Plan

plans that promoted rapid industrial growth; set high quotas for the production of coal, steel, etc.

Collective Farming

government took millions of privately owned farms and made large government owned farms

kulaks

wealthy peasants who were killed for their strong resistance to collective farming

provisional

temporary

Duma

Russia's first Parliament

Autocracy

one person has absolute power

Proletariat

working class

Who fought in the Russo-Japanese War?

Russia and Japan

What lands were being fought over in the Russo-Japanese War?

Korea and Manchuria

What occurred during Bloody Sunday (1906)?

200,000 workers protest at czars Palace for better working conditions and more freedoms. Nicholas orders the soldiers to fire at the protesters.

What happened at the March Revolution (1917)?

Women textile workers were protesting which leads to riots. The soldiers are ordered to fire at people but later side with the rioters.

Czar/Tsar

A Russian emperor

What type of economy did the Bolsheviks promote?

Communism

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Russia's official new name

Joseph Stalin

Totalitarian leader of the Soviet Union who transformed the Soviet Union into an industrial and political power

Women's rights after Bolshevik Revolution

Women's rights were expanded; men and women were equal

Mao Zedong

Leader of Nationalist forces during the Chinese Civil War

May 4th Movement

It was an intellectual revolution of young, educated people in China, that was also a protest of China's weak government. They wanted a strong, modern economy.

Long March

The 6,000-mile journey where Chinese Communists fled the nationalists.

When did the Chinese Civil War resume?

After WWII

Where is nationalist China located?

Island of Taiwan

What country supported the Nationalist forces in China?

The United States

Great Leap Forward

Peasants were organized into communes, resulted in famine and inefficient industry, Mao lost power

Cultural Revolution

Campaign in China ordered by Mao Zedong to purge the Communist Party of his opponents and instill revolutionary values in the younger generation.

New Economic Policy (NEP)

Lenin's 1921 policy to re-establish limited economic freedom (allowing small businesses to reopen and farmers to sell excess grain)

Karl Marx

German philosopher whose communist ideas inspired the Bolsheviks

Rasputin

Siberian peasant and self proclaimed holy man who influenced Czarina Alexandra

Leon Trotsky

Helped negotiate the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and Leader of the Red Army

Vladimir Lenin

leader of the Bolsheviks

Sun Yixian overthrows

the last emperor of the Qing dynasty

Under the Treaty of Versailles, Chinese territories that had been taken over by Germany were given to....

Japan

Why were people demonstrating at the May 4th Movement?

people were upset that Chinese territories were given to Japan under the Treaty of Versailles

What 2 groups fought in the Chinese Revolution?

Nationalists and Communists

What was the Long March?

6000 mile long journey, Chinese Communists fleeing the Chinese Nationalists

What do the Communist and Nationalist agree to do during World War II?

unite to fight against Japan

What was the Great Leap Forward?

strictly controlled people's lives, no incentive to work , called for large collective farms called communes - NOT successful

What was the goal Cultural Revolution?

to establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal

Communist China after the revolution

mainland China - called the People's Republic of China

Where do the Nationalist go after they lose the Chinese civil war?

island of Taiwan

What happened with the Civil War in China when Japan invaded Manchuria?

they stopped the civil war to join forces during World War II

What was the outcome of the Chinese civil war?

Communist take over mainland China

Who do the peasants support?

Mao Zedong

Bolsheviks leader

Lenin

Socialist Realism

art that praised Soviet life and communist values

Atheist

people who did not believe in God

Industrial Revolution (Five Year Plans)

plans that promoted rapid industrial growth

Agricultural Revolution(Collective Farms)

government took millions of privately owned farms and made large government owned farms