bio-cells

Prokaryotic Cell

A cell with free floating DNA, no membrane bound organelles, and they are generally less complex and tinier than Eukaryotic cells. Replicates by binary fission.

Eukaryotic Cell

A cell with a nucleus, membrane bound organelles, and they are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotes. Replicates through mitosis.

Plant Cell

contains a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole

Animal cell

does not have a cell wall or chloroplast and a small vacuole

Bacteria cell

prokaryotic, contains no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles. Has a flagellum

Cell Theory

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

Nucleus

Control center of the cell. In charge of producing proteins and RNA, also protects DNA.Found in all eukaryotes.

Nucleolus

Ribosome synthesis and DNA storage. In Eukaryotic animal cells.

Chloroplasts

organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.Found in eukaryotic plant cells.

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production. Found in all eukaryotes.

Plasma membrane

Controls what goes in and out of the cell. Found in all cells.

Smooth ER

Detoxifies the cell, in charge of lipid synthesis, and stores calcium ions. Found in all Eukaryotic cells.

Rough ER

Constructs ribosomes from mRNA.

Ribosomes

Makes proteins through protein synthesis.Found in all cells.

Golgi Apparatus

In charge of storing and transmitting lipids and proteins. Found in all eukaryotes.

Centrioles

Found in pairs. Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only. Found in animal cells

Flagellum

Tail/motor of the cell. Found in prokaryotes and eukaryotic animal cells.

Cilia

Clears out bacteria from the cell. Found in eukaryotic animal cells.

Lysosome

Breaks down materials within the cell because of its enzymes. Found in eukaryotic animal cells.

Peroxisomes

Breaks down macromolecules and helps in photorespiration. Found in eukaryotes.

Cytoskeleton

Provides structure and support for the cell. Found in eukaryotes.

Cytoplasm

Holds everything in place and protects organelles. Found in all cells.

Endosomes

Regulates transportation of proteins and lipids within the cell.

Secretory vesicle

Carries Golgi modified products or waste from the cell to the cell membrane; fuses with the cell membrane releasing the contents to outside the cell.

Central Vacuole

Stores water and nutrients for the cell. Maintains turgo pressure. Found in eukaryotic plant cells.

Centrosomes

Organizes microtubules in the cell. They consist of centrioles. Found in animal cells.

cell wall

A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell. Found in plant cells and some prokaryotes.

Endosymbiotic theory

a theory that states that certain kinds of prokaryotes began living inside of larger cells and evolved into the organelles of modern-day eukaryotes

Proof of Endosymbiotic theory

1. Organelles have double membranes

2. Organelles have their own ribosomes to produce their own protein

3. Organelles are capable of reproducing individually ( Binary Fission )

4. Organelles have their own circular DNA.

Phagocytosis

Cell eating. Cell engulfs large particles or whole cells.

Aerobic bacteria

Bacteria that require oxygen for survival. Ancestor of mitochondria.

Cyanobacteria

Bacteria that can carry out photosynthesis. Ancestor of chloroplasts.

Cellular Respiration

the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.

Photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Leewenhoek contribution

observed protoza and bacteria. proved schwann's theory of formation of cells correct. Helped develope microscope.

Hooke contribution

Developed the term 'cell' by looking at a cork

Schleiden contribution

Agreed with Schwann on the 1st two parts of cell theory. Argued that cells were created by free formation.

Schwann contribution

Defined cell as most simple unit of life. Argued that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Virchow contribution

Discovered disease arises in individual cells. Also discovered how cells come from pre-existing cells.