American History Exam 2

General Douglas MacArthur

Military leader of Japan. General MacArthur commanded US forces in Korea.

Frances Perkins

U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet.

Works Progress Administration

New Deal agency that helped create jobs for those that needed them. It created around 9 million jobs working on bridges, roads, and buildings.

Grapes of Wrath

John Steinbeck's novel about a struggling farm family during the Great Depression. Gave a face to the violence and exploitation that migrant farm workers faced in America

Bonus Army

Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their government war bonuses in cash. Who made up the Bonus Army that marched on Washington? WWI veterans and their families.

Herbert Hoover

Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people that the government would not intervene with peoples lives. Laissez faire. He wanted to help suffering farmers but wouldn't allow the government to give direct aid to farmers. He believed in volunteerism and wanted to restore the economy. President Hoover responded cautiously to the Great Depression because he thought that the economy would correct itself with laissez faire policy.

Japanese internment

This term describes the event in which FDR ordered all Japanese Americans to be put in relocation camps, Korematsu vs. U.S. ruled that it was constitutionally permissable. Nisei who lived on the West Coast were subjected to internment during the war. Roosevelts decision to remove people of Japanese ancestry to internment camps was a response to strong anti-Japanese sentiment.

Speculation

risky stock purchases made by investors with the hope of high returns

Hoovervilles

cardboard houses in neighbor hoods of unemployed people. In calling shantytowns hoovervilles, people expressed their disgust with Hoover.

Huey Long

Political leader from Louisiana who criticized the New Deal. "Share our Wealth" clubs. He was elected US senator from Louisiana. His plan was to take all incomes over $1 million and inheritance over 5 million. Then give a $5000 one time payment and $2000/year to every family. He was assassinated in 1935.

Lend Lease Act

The US would lend weapons and supplies to any country that could make the US safer.

Social Security Act

created a tax on workers and employers. That money provided monthly pensions for retired people.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Democratic candidate who won the 1932 election by a landslide. He refused to uphold any of Hoover's policies with the intent on enacting his own. He pledged a present a "New Deal" to the American public. He was born with a silver spoon in his mouth. He was paralyzed due to polio. He was the governor of New York.

Buying stock on margin

What does buying a stock on margin mean? borrowing money to help pay for the stock.

Hoboes

What is the name given to men and boys who rode the rails as they searched for work?

Direct relief

cash payments or food provided by the government to the poor.

Dust Bowl

A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Planes very dry. What was not a cause of the Dust Bowl? Thick layers of Prairie grasses. Going from east to west on Route 66, what states did the Dust Bowl migrants pass through? Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California.

Peace Corps

(JFK) , volunteers who help third world nations and prevent the spread of communism by getting rid of poverty and hunger

Warren Commission

The U.S. commission in charge with investigating the assassination of JFK. It came to the conclusion that Oswald was alone in his actions and advised to reform presidential security measures.

Lyndon Johnson

president during the Vietnam War after JFK was shot.

Immigration Act of 1965

(LBJ) Established new immigration system that allowed more immigrants into the U.S.

Suburbs

People moved away from cities to the area just outside of cities.

Consumerism

Economy based on buying goods.

Television

50's and 60's. how people got their information on what was going on in the world.

Office of Price Administration

WWII Office that installs price controls on essential items to prevent inflation

Nisei

A Japanese American whose parents were born in Japan. Nisei who lived on the West Coast were subjected to internment during the war.

Feminine Mystique

Name of the book by Betty Friedan that discussed the frustration of many women in the 1950's and 1960's who felt they were restricted to their roles of mother and homemaker.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

1. no segregation of schools. 2. no segregation of jobs. 3. no segregation of public places.

Phyllis Schlafly

A conservative female political activist. She stopped the ERA from being passed, seeing that it would hinder women more than it would help them.

Robert Kennedy

he was the candidate that doves wanted to elect in 1968.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

1964 Congressional resolution authorizing President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam and gave him full power.

Domino theory

If one government falls to communism, all will

Separate but equal

Supreme Court doctrine established in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. Allowed state-required racial segregation in places of public accommodation as long as the facilities were equal.

Montgomery bus boycott

1955 protest action to end segregation on buses in Montgomery, Alabama.

Freedom riders

Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation.

De jure segregation

by-law

Malcolm X

he was named this because he didn't know his actual name. He was a member of the Black Muslims.

Berlin Wall

A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West. The soviet blockade of West Berlin was a response to efforts by Western nations to reunify Germany.

Space Race

A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union. The USSR launched Sputnik I on OCtober 4, 1957. What was the impact of this event? It marked the start of the space race between the US and USSR. How did President Eisenhower react when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first space satellite? He approved the creation of a US space program known as NASA

Great Society

lyndon johnsons plan for america to fight poverty.

HUAC

House Un-American Activities Committee- accused people of being communists and "blacklisted" them. They are best known for investigating communism in the film industry.

Mao Zedong

Chinese Communist leader from 1949 to 1976.

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal.

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 - against the law to separate school kids by race. Led to segregation being illegal everywhere.

Kerner Commission

A group that was appointed by President Johnson to study the causes of urban violence and that recommended the elimination of de facto segregation in American society.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

a policy designed to reduce the barriers to voting for those suffering discrimination.

Black Panthers

A black political organization that was against peaceful protest and for violence if needed. The organization marked a shift in policy of the black movement, favoring militant ideals rather than peaceful protest.

De facto segregation

by tradition

GI Bill of Rights

offering returning soldiers cheap loans for new homes and tuition for college.

Truman Doctrine

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology. The main goal of the Truman Doctrine was to restrict the spread of communism. On March 12, 1947 Truman addressed a joint session of Congress to recommend that the United States provide economic assistance to Greece and Turkey. He had reasons….This statement would be helpful in supporting the thesis that, in 1947, President Truman believed the United States should help maintain democratic governments in other countries.

38 th Parallel

Where is the border between north and South Korea established

Joseph McCarthy

At various times, he claimed to have personal knowledge of hundreds of communists working in the government and the Army. Accusations that communism was widely present in the US government and military were made by him.

Korematsu v. United States

1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 to each survivor.

Chronological order Presidents

Herbert Hoover, Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard Nixon.

Chronological order 2

New Deal, JFK assassinations, Gulf of tonkin incident, Kent state protest, watergate.

Chronological order 3

pear harbor, normandy invasion, bombing of hiroshima, tet offensive, moon landing.

1st amendment

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

2nd amendment

Right to bear arms

5th amendment

Right to remain silent

13th amendment

abolished slavery

14th amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

16th amendment

Allows the federal government to collect income tax

17th amendment

Direct election of senators

18th amendment

Prohibition of alcohol

19th amendment

Gave women the right to vote

21st amendment

Repeal of Prohibition

Pentagon Papers

a classified government history of American involvement in Vietnam. What did the Pentagon Papers Reveal? American leaders misled Congress and the American people about the war.

Jack Ruby

Killed Lee Harvey Oswald

My Lai

1968, in which American troops had brutally massacred innocent women and children in the village of My Lai, also led to more opposition to the war.

Napalm

A jellied gasoline used for bombs

Tet offensive

The Tet Offensive damaged American Morale because it demonstrated that the communists had not lost the will or ability to fight. A coordinated assault by communist forces on more than 40 cities and bases in Vietnam.

Counterculture

. ex.) hippies. Beliefs and values that went against those of many Americans.

William Westmoreland

American General who commanded American military operations in the Vietnam War at its peak from 1964 to 1968

Ho Chi Minh

Communist leader of North Vietnam. Rebel leader who demanded independence for Vietnam.

Domino Theory

A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.

Draft

A law requiring people of a certain age to serve in the military

Conscious objectors

Not going to war because of their beliefs. Not being drafted.