Henry VII

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 1 person
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/77

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Flashcards about Henry VII and his reign.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

78 Terms

1
New cards

How did Henry VII come to power?

The War of the Roses between the Houses of Lancaster and York

2
New cards

3
New cards

Who was responsible for the disappearance of the princes in the tower?

Richard III

4
New cards

What was Henry VII's link to the throne?

Edward III was his great-great-grandfather and his mother was a descendant of John Beaufort

5
New cards

When was the Battle of Bosworth?

August 1485

6
New cards

During the War of the Roses, how many kings were usurped?

5 out of 6

7
New cards

What did Henry VII attempt to do?

To consolidate his power and establish the Tudor dynasty

8
New cards

What were Henry VII's advantages?

Successful leader/soldier, Welsh origins & French exile, no fear of family rivalries, support from gentry/merchants/landowners, noble heirs killed

9
New cards

What were Henry VII's disadvantages?

Plantagnet rivals, low status of monarchy, seizure of throne, Margaret of Burgundy's threat, weak claim to throne

10
New cards

What were Henry VII's main objectives?

Establish and secure his right to the throne, strengthen royal government, strengthen the monarchy financially

11
New cards

When was Henry VII's coronation in Canterbury?

October 1485

12
New cards

Why did Henry VII summon Parliament in November 1485?

To backdate his reign to the day before the Battle of Bosworth

13
New cards

When did Henry VII marry Elizabeth of York?

January 1486

14
New cards

Why did Henry VII marry Elizabeth of York?

To establish the Tudor Dynasty

15
New cards

When was the Royal Progress Tour?

April 1486

16
New cards

When was the birth of Prince Arthur?

September 1486

17
New cards

Why was the birth of Prince Arthur important?

To establish the future of the Tudor dynasty and its permanency

18
New cards

When was the Act of Resumption?

1486

19
New cards

What happened to Edward, Earl of Warwick?

Locked in Tower, executed for conspiring against Crown in 1499

20
New cards

What happened to De La Pole Brothers, Earls of Lincoln (John) and Suffolk (Edmund)?

Declared loyalty to Henry and Lincoln was on his council; Lincoln then killed in 1487 Battle of Stoke fighting for the Yorkists; Edmund/Suffolk was executed by Henry VIII in 1513

21
New cards

What happened to Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland?

Imprisoned and released when he swore an oath of loyalty to Henry, continued role as Lord in marches bordering Scotland until lynched in 1489 Yorkshire Tax Revolt

22
New cards

What happened to Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, after Bosworth?

Imprisoned for 3 years until returning to the nobility and becoming Duke of Norfolk and taking place on Henry's council as Lieutenant in the North and Lord Treasurer

23
New cards

What roles did Jasper Tudor hold under Henry VII?

Chief Justice of Wales and Constable of all Royal Welsh castles

24
New cards

What title did Lord Thomas Stanley receive for aiding Henry at Bosworth?

Earl of Derby

25
New cards

What positions did Sir Thomas Lovell hold in Henry VII's government?

Chancellor of Exchequer and Treasurer of Household

26
New cards

What position did Sir William Stanley hold in Henry VII's government?

Lord Chamberlain

27
New cards

What position did Sir Reginald Bray hold in Henry VII's government?

Member of King's Council

28
New cards

What positions did John Morton, Bishop of Ely, hold in Henry VII's government?

Lord Chancellor, Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardinal of Rome

29
New cards

How did Henry VII reduce reliance on nobility and limit their power?

Attainders, Patronage, Clamp down on retaining, Financial controls

30
New cards

How many attainders were passed and reversed during Henry VII's reign?

138 passed (51 in last five years of reign), 46 reversed

31
New cards

How did Henry VII use patronage?

Rarely used to not create a group of nobles who could rise as threats, looked for royal agents in local communities without extensive land

32
New cards

How did Henry VII clamp down on retaining?

Laws passed against illegal retaining in 1485 and 1504

33
New cards

How did Henry VII use financial controls to keep nobles in check (Burgavenny)?

Nobles in debt to Crown (Burvagenny £70k, 3 in bonds)

34
New cards

When was the Council Learned in Law established?

1495

35
New cards

What were Henry VII's aims regarding economic policy?

Increase own personal revenue, Increase efficiency of existing forms of revenue, Reduce financial dependence on Parliament, Use financial policy to keep nobles in check

36
New cards

How did Henry VII improve financial administration?

Moving control to the Privy Chamber from the Treasury and Exchequer in 1487

37
New cards

What did Henry VII establish to improve financial administration?

Establishing Surveyor of the King's Ward and Court of Audit

38
New cards

What were the sources of ordinary revenue for Henry VII?

Crown Lands, Feudal Dues, Custom Duties, Legal Dues

39
New cards

How did Henry VII gain Crown Lands?

Inherited land through 1486 Act of Resumption and attainders

40
New cards

How did Henry VII use feudal dues?

Demand payment through form of relief, marriage, wardship or livery

41
New cards

Who was the Master of King's Ward?

Sir John Hussey

42
New cards

How did Henry VII improve his income from custom duties?

Income rose from £33,000 at the start of his reign to £40,000 at the end

43
New cards

What were considered legal dues?

Fine money and payments made by those appearing before King's court

44
New cards

What were the sources of extraordinary revenue for Henry VII?

Bonds and Recognisances, Loans and Benevolences, Feudal Dues, Clerical Taxes, Parliamentary Taxes

45
New cards

What are Bonds and Recognisances?

Payments made as guarantee of good behaviour

46
New cards

What are Loans and Benevolences?

King's right to ask for financial help

47
New cards

What clerical tax did Henry VII use?

Simony

48
New cards

What is Simony?

Appointed leading churchmen to raise money by selling offices

49
New cards

What are Parliamentary Taxes?

Special grants of taxes by Parliament to finance royal policies

50
New cards

How successful was Henry VII in increasing his personal revenue?

Income of £113,000 by his death which was 2x higher than the start of his reign, inherited bankrupt throne and left treasury of £1.5-2 million

51
New cards

What ensured good behaviour of the nobles?

Feudal dues and bonds and recognisances

52
New cards

What events marked a turning point in Henry VII's financial control?

Arthur dies in 1502 & Elizabeth in 1503

53
New cards

What was the biggest part of the Agrarian Economy?

Sheep farming and demand for wool

54
New cards

What was responsible for 90% English exports?

Cloth trade

55
New cards

By how much did the volume of cloth increase under Henry VII?

60%

56
New cards

Who controlled the export of wool?

Merchants of Staple controlled export of wool

57
New cards

What happened to Arable Farming?

Reduction in arable farming

58
New cards

What was pressured due to enclosure?

Open-field husbandry was pressured due to enclosure

59
New cards

What was farming which involved growing crops and raising animals as livestock?

Mixed farming

60
New cards

What type of farming specialised in things such as horse breeding?

Pastoral farming

61
New cards

What had the biggest importance in trade and industry?

Cloth trade

62
New cards

How much did the Cloth trade bring into the Royal Treasury?

£40,000

63
New cards

Who dominated cloth trade with Antwerp?

Merchant Adventurers

64
New cards

When were the merchant adventurers established?

1487

65
New cards

What was supposed to break control from Hanseatic League?

Navigation Act 1485

66
New cards

What treaty ended Spanish retaliation to Navigation Acts?

Treaty of Medina Del Campo 1489

67
New cards

What embargo was caused because Henry VII was unsecure?

Trading Embargo with Netherlands 1493

68
New cards

What resolved the 1493 trade embargo?

Intercursus Magnus 1496

69
New cards

What gave a strong trading position to English merchants?

Intercursus Malus 1506

70
New cards

What were the councils of Henry VII?

The Royal Council, The Star Chamber, Council Learned in Law, Council of the North, Council of Wales, Privy Chamber, The Great Chamber, Hall and Household

71
New cards

Was Henry VII anti or pro noble?

Anti-Noble

72
New cards

What country was Henry VII the Lord Of?

Ireland

73
New cards

Who was Henry VII's deputy in Ireland?

Earl of Kildare

74
New cards

What council did Henry VII restore with Jasper Tudor?

Wales

75
New cards

Who was in charge of running courts?

Justices of Peace

76
New cards

How many times did Henry VII call parliament?

7 times

77
New cards

What threats (rebellions) to his rule did Henry face?

Uprisings, Lovell/Stafford Conspiracy 1486, Simnel Conspiracy 1487, Warbeck Conspiracy 1490-1499, Suffolk Conspiracy 1499-1506, Tax Revolts

78
New cards

Who was sent to Ireland by MoB?

Warbeck