ABD Exam 2 lec notes

anatomy of vascular structures

3 layers of arteries and veins

tunica intima

tunica media

tunica adventitia

anatomy of vascular structures

tunica intima _______ layer single layer of ____ ____ in a ____ _______

inner endothelial cells

longitudinal organization

anatomy of vascular structures

tunica media _______ layer smooth ______ and ______ ________

middle

muscle

collagenous fiber

anatomy of vascular structures

tunica adventitia ______ layer ________ fibrous layer that surrounds ____ ________

outer

thin

elastic tissue

anatomy of vascular structures

vaso vasorum ______ arteries and veins that supply _______ of blood vessels

tiny walls

anatomy of vascular structures

arteries _______ _______ tubes

hollow elastic

anatomy of vascular structures

arteries carry blood ___ from heart

away

anatomy of vascular structures

arteries enclosed with a ________ that includes an _______ _______ and _______

sheath

accompanying vein

nerve

anatomy of vascular structures

arterioles

small arteries

anatomy of vascular structures

veins ______ _____ tubes caused by diminished ________ _______

hollow collapsible

tunica media

anatomy of vascular structures

veins carry blood ________ the heart

toward

anatomy of vascular structures

veins many veins have _______ which are composed of ______ or more folds of _____ ______ hat form ______ ______ ______ which project into the ________

valves

two

tunica interna

flap-like cusps

lumen

anatomy of vascular structures

vein many veins have valves which function to ____ ______ _____ ______ and aid in moving blood ______ the heart

prevent backflow of blood

toward

anatomy of vascular structures

vein venous return aided by

muscle contraction valves overflow from capillary beds force of gravity suction from negative thoracic pressure

anatomy of vascular structures

capillaries ______ walled ___ _______ vessels connecting the _____ and _______ systems

one

hair sized

arterial venous

anatomy of vascular structures

capillaries _________ for cells and tissues of the body received from ______ passing through the capillary walls; at the same time _______ of ______ ______ from the cells into the capillaries

nutrients

fluids

passage

waste products

anatomy of vascular structures

capillaries arteries not always ending in _______ _________ anastomoses (____ _ _ _____ between different vessels) providing equalization of pressure over vessel ____ as well as alternative ________ ________-

capillary beds

end to end grafts length

flow channels

anatomy of vascular structures

vasoconstriction occurs when vascular smooth muscle tissue ______ to decrease the ________ of the ________

contracts

diameter

lumen

anatomy of vascular structures

vasodilation occurs when vascular smooth muscle tissue _______ to ________ the _________ of the _________

relaxes

increase

diameter

lumen

circulatory system

pulmonic includes all blood vessels carrying blood from the _____ _____ through the ______ and back to the _______ ________

right ventricle

lungs

left atrium

circulatory system

pulmonary circulation delivers ________ _____ from the __ ___ the the air sacs of the _____ and returns _______ blood from the _________ to the ______ _______

deoxygenated blood

right ventricle

lungs

oxygenated

lungs

left atrium

circulatory system

systemic includes all blood vessels carrying blood from the ____ ______ through ______ _____ and back to the ______ _____

left ventricle

body organs

right atrium

circulatory system

systemic subdivisions

coronary cardiac circulation

cerebral circulation

hepatic portal circulation

Heart Anatomy

4 chambers two ______ on top and two ____ below

atria

ventricles

Heart Anatomy

atria receive blood ______ to the heart and have _____ walls and __ ___ ______ projecting from their exterior

returning

thin

ear like auricles

Heart Anatomy

the thick muscled ___ pump blood to the _______

ventricles

body

Heart Anatomy

a ______ divides the atrium and ventricle on each side and contains an ________ _________ each guarded by an ________ _________

septum

atrioventricular orfice

atrioventricular valve (AV)

Heart Anatomy

the right AV valve tricuspid and left AV valve bicuspid mitral have _____ to which ______ ________ _______

cusps

chordae tendinae

attach

Heart Anatomy

chordae tendinae are in turn attached to _____ _______ in the inner heart wall that _______ during ___ ________ to prevent the ________ of blood through the AV valves

papillary muscles

contract

ventricular contraction

backflow

Heart Anatomy

the right ventricle has a _______ wall than does the _______ ventricle because it must pump blood only as far as the ______ compared to the ______ ventricle pumping to the _____ _______

thinner

left

lungs

left

entire body

Heart Anatomy

at the base of the _______ ______ leading to the _____ is the _______ _____ which prevents a return of flow of blood to the _________

pulmonary trunk

lungs

pulmonary valve

ventricle

Heart Anatomy

the left atrium receives blood from ______ _____ _______

four pulmonary veins

Heart Anatomy

the left ventricle pumps blood into the ____ _______ through the _____ guarded by the _____ _____ that prevents _______ of blood into the ventricle

entire body

aorta

aortic valve

backflow

Path of blood flow through the heart Heart Anatomy

superior/inferior vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonic valve > lungs> pulmonic veins > left atrium > bicuspid/mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic valve> aorta > systemic circulation

Heart Anatomy

ventricles L

T/RT a b c

trabeculae papillary muscles

chordae tendinae

Heart Anatomy

atria a b

apical

appendages

pectinate muscles

Heart Anatomy

systole

ventricle ____ ____ blood ejected through ______ _____ _____ - ______ ______ closed ______ _____ - ________ ______

contract squeeze

open semilunar valves

aortic tricuspid

av valves

mitral

tricuspid

Heart Anatomy

diastole ventricle ______ _____ ______ ______ - _____ _______ ____ ____ _____ - _______ ________

relax closed semilunar valves aortic tricuspid open av valves mitral tricuspid

abdominal aorta

prox ___ distal__ common iliac arteries _____ ABN

2 cm 1.5 cm .8-1.0 cm

3 cm

abdominal aorta ______ passes through ______

retroperitoneal

diaphragm

abdominal aorta lies ____ to the vertebral column to the level of the _____ ____ ______ then bifurcates into the right and left _____ _______ _______

anterior

fourth lumbar vertebra

common iliac arteries

branches of aorta

anterior

1 2 3 4 5

celiac trunk

superior mesenteric artery

gonadal artery

inferior mesenteric artery

midsacral artery

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

the _____ anterior branch arising from _____ to ______ from the _______

first

1 2

diaphragm

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

approx ______ in length

1 cm

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

surrounded by _____ ______ _______ and _______

liver

spleen

ivc

pancreas

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

branches in the ____ ____ _____ ____ _____ and ______ _____

common hepatic artery

left gastric artery

splenic artery

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

left gastric artery the ______ of the branches passes ____ _____ and to _______ toward the _______

smallest

anterior

superior

left

stomach

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

left gastric artery supples _____ side of lesser _______ curvature

left

stomach

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

left gastric artery anastomoses with ____ _____ _____

right gastric artery

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

common hepatic artery courses to _____ and passes ____ to the ________ to enter the ______ through the ________ _________

right

anterior

portal vein

liver

porta hepatis

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

common hepatic artery gastroduodenal artery branches _____ travels _____ to _______ head

inferiorly

anteriorly

pancreatic

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

common hepatic artery gastroduodenal artery supples ____ side of greater curve of stomach through ___ _____ ____

right

right gastropiploic artery

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

common hepatic artery gastroduodenal artery supplies ______ duodenal area through __ _____ and ___ ____ _____ _____

pancreatic

superior

anterior

superior

posterior

pancreatic duodenal artery

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

common hepatic artery proper hepatic artery courses __ ______

right

lateral

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

common hepatic artery proper hepatic artery right hepatic artery supplies _________

liver

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

common hepatic artery proper hepatic artery branch ____ _________ supplies _________

cystic

artery

gallbladder

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

common hepatic artery proper hepatic artery middle left hepatic artery supplies

liver quadrate lobe

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

common hepatic artery proper hepatic artery left hepatic artery supplies

liver

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

common hepatic artery right gastric artery supples __ __ of lesser curvature of stomach

right side

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

common hepatic artery right gastric artery can branch from _____ ____ or ______

proper hepatic artery

Gonadal artery

common hepatic artery

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

splenic artery ______ of the branches

largest

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

splenic artery very ______

tortuous

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk

splenic artery usually forms the _________ border of the ______ and divides into several branches

superior

pancreas

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk splenic artery supplies _____ ____ ____ ______ _______

liver

spleen

duodenum

stomach

pancreas

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk splenic artery supplies stomach left side of greater curvature of stomach through left ________ artery which branches from _____ end if SPA

gastroepiploic

distal

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

celiac trunk splenic artery supplies pancreas through main _____ _______ great ____ arteries which branch from SPA

dorsal

caudal

pancreatic

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

superior mesenteric artery arises _________ cm below the celiac trunk

1-2

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

superior mesenteric artery ______ ________ course

anterior

inferior

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

superior mesenteric artery runs __________ to the the neck of the pancreas and ______ to the uncinate process and then branches into the mesentery and colon

posterior

anterior

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

superior mesenteric artery main branches

1 2 3 4 5

inferior pancreatic artery

duodenal artery

coloc artery

ileocolic artery

intestinal artery

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

superior mesenteric artery

right hepatic artery possibly arising from the ____

SMA

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior superior mesenteric artery

distribution _____ half of colon (cecum, ascending transverse) ; ___________

proximal

small intestine

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior gonadal artery

arises _____ to renal arteries courses along ______ muscles to respective ______ area

inferior

psoas

gonadal

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior

inferior mesenteric artery last _______ branch of AO

major

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior inferior mesenteric artery

arises at level ______ to _______ about ________ cm proximal to aortic bifurcation

L3

L4

3-4 cm

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior inferior mesenteric artery

main branches 1 2 3

left colic artery

sigmoid artery

superior rectal artery

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior inferior mesenteric artery

distribution

left transverse colon descending colon sigmoid rectum

branches of abdominal aorta

anterior midsacral artery

supplying sacrum to ______ superior to _________

rectum

bifurcation

branches of abdominal aorta

latera

l 1 2 3 4

phrenic artery

suprarenal artery

right and left renal arteries

dorsal aortic branches

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral phrenic artery s

mall vessel _______ under surface of _____ and gives rise to ________- _______ _______

clinging

diaphragm

superior suprarenal artery

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral suprarenal artery supplies the _____- _________

adrenal glands

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral right and left renal arteries

arises _______ to L1

anterior

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral right and left renal arteries

located ____ cm inferior to superior mesenteric artery

1-1.5 cm

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral right and left renal arteries

both arteries branch into ______ and _______ suprarenal arteries

anterior

inferior

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral right and left renal arteries

the right renal artery is a ______ vessel than the left

longer

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral right and left renal arteries

the right renal artery courses from the aorta posterior to the ______ to the right kidney

IVC

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral right and left renal arteries

the right renal artery the _____ side is higher than the _______-

right

left

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral right and left renal arteries

the renal artery passes ______ to the renal vein before entering the ________ hilus

posterior

renal

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral right and left renal arteries

the left renal artery courses from the _________ directly to the ___ ______

aorta

left

kidney

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral dorsal aortic branches

lumbar arteries usually ______ on each side travel ________ to _____ to supply muscle ______ ______ and _______ cord

4

lateral

posterior

skin bone spinal

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral dorsal aortic branches

physiology of AO

and branches _______ blood to organs and tissue for ________ and _______

channel

oxygenation

metabolism

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral dorsal aortic branches

physiology of AO and branches _______ _______ maintenance

blood pressure

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral dorsal aortic branches

physiology

of AO and branches blood pressure maintenance ______ wall recoil forces _______ to move _________

arterial

blood

forward

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral dorsal aortic branches physiology

of AO and branches renin (kidney) is released in event of ________

bleeding

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral dorsal aortic branches

physiology of AO and branches renin acts on _________ ____ which initiates vascoconstriction = _____ _____ _____

angiotensin II

blood pressure maintenance

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral dorsal aortic branches

lab values hematocrit _______ of RBC to ______ blood measure of possible _____ from _______ system

%

whole

bleeding

arterial

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral dorsal aortic branches

sono appearance ____________ lumen with bright echogenic wall

anechoic

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral dorsal aortic branches

pathology a. b.

aneurysm

dissection

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral IVC

normal ________ ABN _______

2-2.5 cm

3.7 cm

branches of abdominal aorta

lateral IVC

the IVC ascends ______ along the vertebral bodies toward the right atrium

retroperitoneally