C. PREPARATION OF CRUDE DRUGS

Proverbs 16:3

COLLECTION

↓

HARVESTING

↓

DRYING

↓

CURING

↓

GARBLING

↓

PACKAGING & STORAGE

STEPS PREPARATION OF CRUDE DRUGS [5]

d. Collection

The first step in the preparation of crude drugs that ensures the true natural source of the drug

a. Harvesting
b. Garbling
c. Drying
d. Collection

a. Harvesting

The step in crude drug preparation defined as obtaining the drug from its source

a. Harvesting
b. Garbling
c. Drying
d. Collection

d. Mechanical harvesting

The method of harvesting that is faster and cheaper

a. Manual harvesting
b. Selective harvesting
c. Potent harvesting
d. Mechanical harvesting

c. Manual harvesting

The method of harvesting used for potent drugs with low concentration but high effectivity

a. Mechanical harvesting
b. Selective harvesting
c. Manual harvesting
d. Automated harvesting

c. Drying

The step in crude drug preparation defined as removal of moisture to ensure good keeping qualities and prevent spoilage

a. Harvesting
b. Garbling
c. Drying
d. Collection

c. Fixing of constituents and prevention of spoilage

Among the reasons for drying crude drugs, the process that is achieved by removal of moisture

a. Enhancement of drug properties
b. Removal of extraneous matter
c. Fixing of constituents and prevention of spoilage
d. Ensuring the true natural source

c. Curing

The step in crude drug preparation defined as special treatment to enhance properties

a. Drying
b. Garbling
c. Curing
d. Collection

c. MgO

The agent used to cure cascara sagrada

a. NaCl
b. CaCO₃
c. MgO
d. HCl

a. Garbling

The final step in the preparation of crude drugs

a. Garbling
b. Curing
c. Harvesting
d. Drying

d. Garbling

The step in crude drug preparation defined as removal of extraneous matter

a. Drying
b. Collection
c. Curing
d. Garbling

c. Collection → Harvesting → Drying → Curing → Garbling

The correct sequence of steps in the preparation of crude drugs

a. Harvesting → Collection → Drying → Curing → Garbling
b. Drying → Collection → Harvesting → Curing → Garbling
c. Collection → Harvesting → Drying → Curing → Garbling
d. Collection → Drying → Harvesting → Garbling → Curing

►Extraction

►Packaging and preservation

• Collection → Harvesting → Drying → Curing → Garbling → Extraction → Packaging and preservation

Optional steps may be required in the preparation of crude drugs [2]

c. Extraction

Uses solvent (menstruum) and leaves the undissolved marc

a. Decoction
b. Digestion
c. Extraction
d. Percolation

b. Maceration

Soaking for long periods

a. Infusion
b. Maceration
c. Percolation
d. Decoction

d. Infusion

Soaking for short periods in hot or cold water

a. Digestion
b. Decoction
c. Maceration
d. Infusion

a. Digestion

Use of mild heat

a. Digestion
b. Maceration
c. Percolation
d. Extraction

c. Decoction

Boiling water with the material

a. Percolation
b. Infusion
c. Decoction
d. Digestion

b. Percolation

Maceration over porous material

a. Infusion
b. Percolation
c. Digestion
d. Extraction

a. Infusion

Used in extraction of tea bags

a. Infusion
b. Percolation
c. Digestion
d. Extraction

a. ↑ Time

Maceration

a. ↑ Time

b. ↓ Time

c. ↓ Temperature

d. ↑ Temperature

b. ↓ Time

Infusion

a. ↑ Time

b. ↓ Time

c. ↓ Temperature

d. ↑ Temperature

c. ↓ Temperature

Digestion

a. ↑ Time

b. ↓ Time

c. ↓ Temperature

d. ↑ Temperature

d. ↑ Temperature

Decoction

a. ↑ Time

b. ↓ Time

c. ↓ Temperature

d. ↑ Temperature

• Expose to 65° C

• Fumigate with methyl bromide

• Add a drop of chloroform or Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to the container

Option to avoid insect attacks [3]

d. Expose to 65° C

Option to avoid insect attacks

a. Maceration
b. Expose to 100° C
c. Packaging and preservation
d. Expose to 65° C

b. Fumigate with methyl bromide

Option to avoid insect attacks

a. Fumigate with ethyl bromide
b. Fumigate with methyl bromide
c. Decoction
d. Infusion

a. Add a drop of chloroform or Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to the container

Option to avoid insect attacks

a. Add a drop of chloroform
b. Add a drop of organophosphates
c. Percolation
d. Extraction

a. Expose to 65° C

Simplest method when it comes to preservation

a. Expose to 65° C

b. Fumigate with ethyl bromide

c. Add a drop of chloroform