Transport in Plants & Humans

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards for review of key concepts regarding transport in plants and humans.

Xylem conducts mainly __ and minerals from the roots up to other parts of the plants.

water

Phloem conducts __ food from the leaves both up and down the plant.

organic

The word xylem is derived from the Greek word 'Xylon' meaning __.

wood

Xylem tissues are used for __ as well as conduction.

support

Mature Tracheids are __ and hence the protoplast is lost.

dead

Tracheids are elongated cells up to __ wide.

80nm

In angiosperms, there are relatively fewer __ than vessels.

tracheids

Vessels are shorter than tracheids and act as the __.

pipeline

Vessel elements form __ and are linked end to end to form the xylem vessel.

individual cells

Xylem parenchyma is more important in __ xylem.

secondary

The phloem tissue is composed of __ living cells and one dead cell.

three

The living cells of phloem are Sieve tube elements, Companion cells, and __ cells.

Phloem parenchyma

The __ is a band of cell wall material deposited in root endodermal cells.

casparian strip

The __ pathway works through plasmodesmata which are cytoplasmic channels between cell walls.

symplast

Water enters the xylem vessels via __ from epidermal cells of roots.

osmosis

__ is the diffusion of water through membranes.

Osmosis

Plasmolysis is the shrinkage of protoplast due to __.

exosmosis

A __ is the maximum pressure of water within a plant cell.

turgor pressure

Transpiration is defined as the loss of __ by evaporation from aerial parts of the plants.

water vapour

During __, sugar concentration increases in guard cells causing them to become turgid.

daylight

Starch-sugar hypothesis explains: In the presence of light energy, carbonic acids in guard cells convert into __ and water.

sugars

__ are living cells in the phloem that assist in translocating organic solutes throughout the plant.

Companion cells

The root hairs help to increase the surface area for __ uptake.

water

The __ separates atria from ventricles in the heart.

interventricular septum

The __ valve prevents backflow from ventricles to atria during ventricular contraction.

atrioventricular

Blood exits the right ventricle through the __ to the lungs.

pulmonary artery

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the __.

aorta

The __ is a double membranous sac surrounding the heart.

pericardium

__ are the vessels that transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Veins

The __ is the muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system.

heart

drive the circulatory system of the human body.

Nervous impulses

The __ node initiates the electrical impulses that trigger heartbeats.

sinoatrial (SA)

Depolarization of the atria results in the P wave of an __.

electrocardiogram (ECG)

The QRS complex indicates __ of the ventricles.

depolarization

The __ valve prevents the backflow of blood into the ventricles after contraction.

semilunar

The main lymphatic duct that drains lymph from most of the body is the __ duct.

thoracic

Lymph nodes function to filter lymph and remove __ and other materials.

bacteria

The __ system helps in returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.

lymphatic

Chylomicrons are absorbed in the lymphatic system from the __ system.

digestive

The term __ refers to the swelling of lymph nodes, indicating an immune response.

lymphadenopathy

The primary carrier of oxygen in blood is __.

hemoglobin

The structure responsible for the transport of organic nutrients in plants is __.

phloem

The main process by which water vapor leaves the plant is called __.

transpiration