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High Middle Ages
Period marked by emerging stability in Europe.
Islamic Invasion Decline
Reduced threats impacting European political landscape.
Church-State Dynamics
Power struggle over religious and political authority.
Investiture Controversy
Conflict over appointing popes and bishops.
Feudalism
Social system based on land ownership and loyalty.
Magna Carta
1215 document limiting monarch's power in England.
Nation-State Development
Evolution from feudalism to centralized governance.
Italian City-States
Independent regions like Florence and Venice.
Anglo-Saxon Civilization
Culture characterized by plunder, honor, and Christianity.
Viking Raids
Destructive invasions reshaping European territories.
Norman Conquest
1066 event establishing centralized monarchy in England.
Domesday Book
Record of landholdings for taxation in England.
Holy Roman Empire
Political entity lacking unity among German states.
Papal Authority
Pope's influence over secular rulers and politics.
Clovis I
Frankish king who united tribes under Christianity.
Treaty of Verdun
Division of Charlemagne's empire among heirs.
Roman Catholic Church
Central institution influencing medieval European life.
Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Faith practiced by Southeastern Slavs under Byzantine influence.
Kiev Rus
State formed by Eastern Slavs influenced by Vikings.
Gothic Architecture
Style featuring flying buttresses and stained glass.
Cultural Exchanges
Interactions between Italian and Muslim traders.
Political Instability
Challenges in unifying Slavic and Scandinavian states.
Scholasticism
Medieval method of critical thought and theology.
