Unit 6 and 7 lecture anatomy, neuro, biomechanics of arm and elbow

where is the head of the humerus

proximal

where is the head of the ulna

distal

how many joints are in the elbow joint

there is 1 anatomical joint and 3 functional joints

what are the 3 functional joints at the elbow

humeroulnar joint

humeroradial joint

radioulnar joint

where does the ulna articulate in the humerus

trochlea

where does the radius articulate on the humerus

capitulum

what motions occur at the elbow joint

flexion

extension

pronation

supination

what are the thickenings of the elbow joint

radial collateral ligament

ulnar collateral ligament

annular ligament

radial collateral ligament function

resist varus forces at elbow

where is the radial collateral ligament located

runs from the lateral epicondyle to the annular ligamanet

ulnar collateral ligament function

resists valgus forces at elbow

ulnar collateral ligament location

runs from medial epicondyle to the coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna

annular ligament

binds the head of the radius to the ulna, allows for pronation and supination

how many joint capsules at the elbow

1 joint capsule for 3 synovial joints

oblique cord

between radius and ulna at proximal radio ulnar joint, prevents separation

what are the parts of the ulnar collateral ligament

anterior band

posterior band

transverse band

anterior band of the ulnar collateral ligament shape and strength

cord like band that is the strongest of the UCL bands

posterior band of UCL shape and strength

fan shapest and weakest band

transverse band of UCL function

deepens the socket for the trochlea of the humerus

where are the three radioulnar joints

proximal

middle

distal

proximal radioulnar joint

head of radius and radial notch of ulna

middle radioulnar joint

radius and ulna joined by the interosseous membrane

distal radioulnar joint

head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch of radius

what binds the distal radioulnar joint

articular disc

olecranon bursa types

subcutaneous

sub tendinous olecranon

subcutaneous olecranon bursa

between the skin and the elbow

sub tendinous olecranon bursa location

between tendon of triceps and superior aspect of olecranon

bicipital bursa location

between biceps and radial tuberostiy

radioulnar bursa

between extensor digitorum and humeroradial joint and supinator

compartments of the hand

thenar

central

hyppthenar

what nerves are located in the anterior brachial compartment

musculocutaneous

median

ulnar

radial

what artery is located in the anterior brachial compartment

brachial artery

what muscles are in the anterior brachial compartment

flexor muscles of glenohumeral and elbow joints

what muscles in the anterior compartment are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve

coracobrachialis

biceps brachii

brachialis

where does the musculocutaneous nerve provide sensory

lateral forearm

what muscles are innervated by the median nerve

anterior compartment of the forearm

palmar hand mms

where does the median nerve provide sensation

on half the palm of the hand and fingers 1, 2, 3 and half of 4

ulnar nerve muscle innervation

anterior compartment of forearm

palmar hand mms

ulnar nerve sensory location

half of fourth and fifth finger from the wrist to the back of the hand

radial nerve muscle innervations

triceps brachii

anconeus

brachioradialis

posterior forearm compartment mms

abductor pollicis longus

radial nerve sensory location

posterior arm, forearm, and posterior hand on the side of the 1, 2, and half of third digit

where does the profunda brachii artery branch from

brachial artery

what does the profunda brachii artery supply

posterior compartment of arm

what does the brachial artery lead to

ulnar and radial artery

what does the radial artery supply

lateral forearm and hand

where does the radial artery lead to

deep palmar arch

what does the ulnar artery supply

medial forearm and hand, deep anterior and posterior forearm muscles

what does the ulnar artery lead to

superficial palmar arch

what branches off the ulnar artery

common interosseous artery

what are the branches of the common interosseous artery

anterior and posterior interosseous artery

what does the anterior interosseous artery supply

deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm

what does the posterior interosseous artery supply

posterior compartment of the forearm

what are the branches of the brachial artery

profunda brachii

superior ulnar collateral artery

inferior ulnar collateral artery

superior ulnar collateral artery supplies

posterior medial elbow joint region

inferior ulnar collateral artery supplies

anterior medial elbow joint

what nerves are in the posterior brachial compartment

radial nerve

what artery in in the posterior brachial compartment

profunda brachii

anterior and posterior ulnar collateral close

what muscles are in the posterior brachial compartment

extensors of the humeroradial and humeroulnar joints

what structures are at risk with a radial dislocation

deep radial nerve

if there is an injury to the quadrangular space wht is affected

axillary nerve

what is affected in a musculocutaneous nerve injury

weak elbow flexion and decreased sensation of the lateral forearm

median nerve injury causes

weak wrist flexion and decreased sensation of the palm, thumb, index, middle and half of ring finger

where does the anterior interosseous nerve come from

median nerve

what does the anterior interosseous nerve come from

median nerve

what does a radial nerve injury cause

wrist drop due to weak wrist extensors

what does a compression of the superficial radial nerve lead to

loss of sensation on back of hand

where space does the radial nerve pass through

triangular interval

quadrangular space boundaries

teres major

teres minor

humerus

long head of triceps

contents of quadrangular spaces

axillary nerve

posterior humeral cirumflex artery

triangular space boundaries

teres major

teres minor

long head of triceps

triangular space contents

scapular circumflex artery

triangular interval boundaries

teres major

lateral head of triceps

lond head of triceps

triangular interval contents

profundi brachii artery

radial nerve

where does the suprascapular nerve run

under the suprascular ligament

where does the suprascapular artery run

over the suprascapular ligament

arcade of frohse

the most superior part of the superficial layer of the supinator muscle

what runs through the arcade of frohse

radial nerve which then becomes the posterior interosseous nerve

what muscles do the ulnar nerve innervate

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor digitorum profundus 4 and 5

what muscles does the median nerve innervate

pronator teres

flexor carpi radialis

palmaris longus

flexor digitorum superficialis

what are the muscles innervated by the anterior interosseous branch of the ulnar nerve

flexor digitorum profundus 2 and 3

flexor pollicis longus

pronator quadratus

if the anterior interosseous nerve is damaged what is difficult to do

make a 0 with your finger and thumb, the point finger DIP would not be able to flex

what forearm muscles does the radial nerve innervate

brachioradialis

extensor carpi radialis longus

what muscles do the posterior interosseous nerve innervate

all the extensors except extensor carpi radialis longus

supinator

abductor pollicis longus

what muscles make up the common flexor tendon

pronator teres

flexor carpi radialis

palmaris longus

flexor digitorum superficialis

flexor carpi ulnaris

where does the common flexor tendon attach

medial epicondyle

what makes the common extensor tendon

extensor carpi radialis bravis

extensor digitourm

extensor digiti minimi

extensor carpi ulnaris

where does the common extensor tendon attach

lateral epicondyle

what nerve runs through the cubital tunnel

ulnar nerve

what bones are in the proximal row of the carpals (lateral to medial)

scaphoid

lunate

triquetrum

pisiform

what bones are in the distal row of the carpals (lateral to medial)

trapezium

trapezoid

capitate

hamate

what makes up the radiocarpal joint

radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum (if ulnar deviation)

what is between the radius and the carpals

triangular fibrocartilage complex (articular disc)

ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist

ligament running from the styloid process of the ulna to the medial surface of the triquetrum

radial collateral ligament of the wrist

ligament running from the styloid process of the radius to the lateral surface of the scaphoid

intercarpal interosseous ligament

ligament between carpals in each row

metacarpal interosseous ligament

between metacarpals holding them together

what is the palmar ulnocarpal ligament

ligament between the ulna and the carpals that has one band to the lunate and one to the triquetrum

what does the radial collateral ligament of the wrist do

prevents excessive ulnar deviation

what does the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist do

precents excessive radial deviation

what are the two parts of the palmar radiocarpal ligament

radiocapitate and radiolunate