Macronutrients: NCLEX® Foundations Module 3

Practice questions covering carbohydrates, proteins, and fats based on the NCLEX® Foundations Macronutrients module.

Why are complex carbohydrates considered better than simple carbohydrates for most clients?

Complex carbohydrates digest slowly, whereas simple carbohydrates cause a spike in glucose levels.

What is the average amount of carbohydrates a client with diabetes should count per meal?

Approximately $60\,g$ per meal.

What action must a client with type 1 diabetes take regarding the carbohydrates they eat?

The client needs to count the carbohydrates and cover them with rapid-acting or short-acting insulin.

When should a diabetic client exercise to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia?

Exercise should occur when blood glucose is at its peak, which is usually after a meal.

In which clinical situations should protein intake be increased for healing and growth?

Protein should be increased for post-op recovery, wound healing, and growth in conditions such as cystic fibrosis.

What is the general rule for protein intake in kidney disease, and what is the notable exception?

The general rule is low protein, with the exception of nephrotic syndrome which requires high protein because albumin is lost in the urine.

Why is a low-protein diet required for clients with liver disease, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis?

A failing liver cannot convert ammonia to urea, necessitating restricted protein intake.

How are unsaturated and saturated fats categorized in terms of health quality?

Unsaturated fats are considered good fats, while saturated fats are considered bad fats.

What are three common dietary sources of saturated (bad) fats?

Butter, vegetable oils, and red meats.

Excessive intake of saturated fat increases the risk of which cardiovascular conditions?

Coronary artery disease and hyperlipidemia.

What are the target goals for HDL and LDL levels in the body?

HDL (the Hero) should be high, and LDL (the Lousy) should be low.

According to the transcript, what is the only way to raise HDL levels?

Exercise.