Untitled Flashcards Set

Who created the humanistic perspective of personality?

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

What are physiological needs according to Maslow's hierarchy?

Basic biological requirements necessary for survival.

How do lower needs on Maslow's hierarchy affect higher needs?

Lower needs take precedence over higher needs.

What result can social isolation and loneliness have on individuals?

They can arise from unmet belongingness needs.

What causes neuroses according to Maslow?

Significant childhood problems that result in fixating on unmet needs.

What differentiates self-actualization from other needs?

Self-actualization does not involve deficits or motivation; it focuses on growth.

What percentage of people does Maslow believe are self-actualized?

Approximately 2%.

What is the actualizing tendency in Rogers' theory?

The built-in motivation present in every life-form to develop its potentials.

What leads to conditioned positive self-regard according to Rogers?

Conditioned positive regard from others, where love and attention depend on meeting certain conditions.

What causes neurosis according to Carl Rogers?

Incongruence between the real self and ideal self.

What does 'reflection' mean in Rogerian therapy?

The therapist reframes the client’s statements to clarify emotional communication.

What three traits must a therapist have according to Rogers?

Congruence, empathy, and respect.

What is unconditional positive regard?

A caring, accepting, non-judgmental attitude that fosters self-awareness and self-acceptance.

What is conditional positive regard?

Approval given only if an individual meets certain conditions, limiting self-worth.

What is the state of incongruence?

When a person's ideal self and self-image are significantly different.

What is the first level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Physiological needs.

What is the final level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Self-actualization.

What does Maslow define as self-actualization?

The motivation to fulfill one's fullest potential.

What is the Jonah complex?

Fear and doubt about one's own abilities and potential.

What is one reason why not many adults are self-actualized?

Self-actualization is the highest and weakest need, easily impeded by other factors.