ApHuG Unit 2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 12 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/104

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

105 Terms

1
New cards

Agricultural Population Density

Number of Farmers divided by the arable land

<p>Number of Farmers divided by the arable land</p>
2
New cards

Arable Land

Land suitable for farming/agriculture

<p>Land suitable for farming/agriculture</p>
3
New cards

Physiological Population Density

Population of a region / arable (farmable) land

<p>Population of a region / arable (farmable) land</p>
4
New cards

Arithmetic Population Density

Population of a region divided by total land area.

<p>Population of a region divided by total land area.</p>
5
New cards

Baby Boom

Temporary marked increase in the birth rate

<p>Temporary marked increase in the birth rate</p>
6
New cards

Census

A complete count of of a population

<p>A complete count of of a population</p>
7
New cards

Child Mortality Rate

Total number of child deaths per 1,000 live births

<p>Total number of child deaths per 1,000 live births</p>
8
New cards

Crude Birth Rate

Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people in the society

<p>Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people in the society</p>
9
New cards

Crude Death Rate

Total number of deaths per 1,000 people in a society

<p>Total number of deaths per 1,000 people in a society</p>
10
New cards

Dependency Ratio

Number of people too young or too old to work compared to workers

<p>Number of people too young or too old to work compared to workers</p>
11
New cards

More Developed Country (MDC)

Also known as a relatively developed country or a developed country, country that has progressed further along the development continuum

<p>Also known as a relatively developed country or a developed country, country that has progressed further along the development continuum</p>
12
New cards

Doubling Time

Number of years needed to double the population

<p>Number of years needed to double the population</p>
13
New cards

Epidemiological Transition Model

The theory that says that there is a distinct cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition model. It can help explain how a country's population changes so dramatically.

<p>The theory that says that there is a distinct cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition model. It can help explain how a country's population changes so dramatically.</p>
14
New cards

Industrial Revolution

Time during the 19th century, major improvements in manufacturing goals and delivering them to market

<p>Time during the 19th century, major improvements in manufacturing goals and delivering them to market</p>
15
New cards

Infant Mortality Rates

the number of infant deaths (under age 1) per 1000 live births

<p>the number of infant deaths (under age 1) per 1000 live births</p>
16
New cards

Less Developed Countries (LDC)

Non-industrialized/poor countries.

Stage two, early three

<p>Non-industrialized/poor countries.</p><p>Stage two, early three</p>
17
New cards

Life Expectancy

Average number of years an infant can expect to live

<p>Average number of years an infant can expect to live</p>
18
New cards

Thomas Malthus

An English economist who was one of the first to argue that the world's population increase was far outrunning the development of food production

<p>An English economist who was one of the first to argue that the world's population increase was far outrunning the development of food production</p>
19
New cards

Malthusian Theory

The theory that population grows faster than food supply

<p>The theory that population grows faster than food supply</p>
20
New cards

Medical Revolution

Time during the late 20th countries, when medical technology from Europe and North America diffused to developing countries

<p>Time during the late 20th countries, when medical technology from Europe and North America diffused to developing countries</p>
21
New cards

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

The percentage of annual growth in a population excluding migration.

<p>The percentage of annual growth in a population excluding migration.</p>
22
New cards

Neo-Malthusian

A belief that the world is characterized by scarcity and competition in which too many people fight for too few resources. Named for Thomas Malthus, who predicted a dismal cycle of misery, vice, and starvation as a result of human overpopulation

<p>A belief that the world is characterized by scarcity and competition in which too many people fight for too few resources. Named for Thomas Malthus, who predicted a dismal cycle of misery, vice, and starvation as a result of human overpopulation</p>
23
New cards

Population Pyramids

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

<p>A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.</p>
24
New cards

Anti-Natalist Policies

Government policies to reduce the rate of natural increase

<p>Government policies to reduce the rate of natural increase</p>
25
New cards

Pro-Natalist Policies

Government policies to increase the rate of natural increase

26
New cards

Sex Ratio

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

<p>The number of males per 100 females in the population.</p>
27
New cards

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.

<p>The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.</p>
28
New cards

Zero Population Growth

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.

<p>A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.</p>
29
New cards

Demography

The scientific study of population characteristics

<p>The scientific study of population characteristics</p>
30
New cards

Overpopulation

The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

<p>The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.</p>
31
New cards

Population Center

An area of land where people are most dense, including East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe.

<p>An area of land where people are most dense, including East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe.</p>
32
New cards

Demographic Transition Model

A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.

<p>A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.</p>
33
New cards

Mobility

A general term covering all types of movement from one place to another

34
New cards

Periodic movement

Movement - for example, college attendance or military service - that involves temporary, recurrent relocation

<p>Movement - for example, college attendance or military service - that involves temporary, recurrent relocation</p>
35
New cards

Net migration

The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants

<p>The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants</p>
36
New cards

Push Factors of Immigration

reasons people emigrate and leave their homes such as economic troubles, overcrowding, poverty

<p>reasons people emigrate and leave their homes such as economic troubles, overcrowding, poverty</p>
37
New cards

Intraregional Migration

movement within a region

<p>movement within a region</p>
38
New cards

Interregional Migration

Movement from one region to another

<p>Movement from one region to another</p>
39
New cards

Migration Transition

Change in migration patterns in a society caused by industrialisation, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition

<p>Change in migration patterns in a society caused by industrialisation, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition</p>
40
New cards

Gravity Model

Predicts interaction between places on the basis of their population size and distance between them.

<p>Predicts interaction between places on the basis of their population size and distance between them.</p>
41
New cards

Migrant Workers

people, typically farmers, who move from place to place to harvest fruits and vegetables

<p>people, typically farmers, who move from place to place to harvest fruits and vegetables</p>
42
New cards

Refugee

a person who has a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion

<p>a person who has a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion</p>
43
New cards

Asylum seeker

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

<p>Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee</p>
44
New cards

brain drain

the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries

<p>the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries</p>
45
New cards

guest worker

a foreign laborer living and working temporarily in another country

<p>a foreign laborer living and working temporarily in another country</p>
46
New cards

intervening obstacle

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

<p>An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.</p>
47
New cards

internal migration

permanent movement within the same country

<p>permanent movement within the same country</p>
48
New cards

transhumance

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

<p>The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.</p>
49
New cards

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

A set of 11 "laws" that can be organized into three groups: the reasons why migrants move, the distance they typically move, and their characteristics.

<p>A set of 11 "laws" that can be organized into three groups: the reasons why migrants move, the distance they typically move, and their characteristics.</p>
50
New cards

remittance

Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries

<p>Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries</p>
51
New cards

migration selectivity

Only people exhibiting certain characteristics in a population choosing to migrate

<p>Only people exhibiting certain characteristics in a population choosing to migrate</p>
52
New cards

step migration

migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages

<p>migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages</p>
53
New cards

chain migration

pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links

<p>pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links</p>
54
New cards

activity space

The area within which people move freely on their rounds of regular activity

<p>The area within which people move freely on their rounds of regular activity</p>
55
New cards

urbanization

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

<p>An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.</p>
56
New cards

Atlantic Slave Trade

the buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas

<p>the buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas</p>
57
New cards

carrying capacity

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

<p>Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support</p>
58
New cards

contraception (birth control)

methods of preventing conception

<p>methods of preventing conception</p>
59
New cards

Diaspora

A dispersion of people from their homeland

<p>A dispersion of people from their homeland</p>
60
New cards

Distribution

Description of locations on Earth's surface where populations live

<p>Description of locations on Earth's surface where populations live</p>
61
New cards

Immigration

Migration to a new location

<p>Migration to a new location</p>
62
New cards

fertility

The production of offspring within a population

<p>The production of offspring within a population</p>
63
New cards

Forced Migration

Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors.

<p>Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors.</p>
64
New cards

Great Migration

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

<p>movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920</p>
65
New cards

infrastructure

Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools

<p>Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools</p>
66
New cards

internally displaced person

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border

<p>Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border</p>
67
New cards

Migration

Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.

<p>Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.</p>
68
New cards

migration stream

the constant flow of migrants from one country into another country

<p>the constant flow of migrants from one country into another country</p>
69
New cards

population composition

Structure of population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education

<p>Structure of population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education</p>
70
New cards

S-curve

a curve that depicts growth; shape of an "S." The leveling off of a J-Curve exponential growth.

<p>a curve that depicts growth; shape of an "S." The leveling off of a J-Curve exponential growth.</p>
71
New cards

Voluntary Migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.

<p>Permanent movement undertaken by choice.</p>
72
New cards

Pull Factors of Immigration

Reasons to migrate to a new area such as Economic Opportunity ($)

Jobs/ workers were needed

Land

Peace and stability

Freedom to make a better life

<p>Reasons to migrate to a new area such as Economic Opportunity ($)</p><p>Jobs/ workers were needed</p><p>Land</p><p>Peace and stability</p><p>Freedom to make a better life</p>
73
New cards

degenerative disease

any disease in which deterioration of the structure or function of tissue occurs

<p>any disease in which deterioration of the structure or function of tissue occurs</p>
74
New cards

Maternal Mortality Rate

The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births

<p>The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births</p>
75
New cards

Internal migration

Migration within national boundaries

76
New cards

Carrying capacity

The number of people an area can sustain without critically straining its resources

77
New cards

Forced migration

An individual migrates against their will, including events that produce slaves, refugees, internally displaced persons, and asylum seekers

78
New cards

Arithmetic population density

Measure of the people within a given area divided by the total land area

79
New cards

Physiological density

Measure of the number of people per arable land

80
New cards

Agricultural population density

Measure of the number of farmers per arable land

81
New cards

Dependency ratio

A measure of the economic impact of younger and older cohorts on the economically productive members of a population

82
New cards

refugee

Individuals protected by law who cross national boundaries to seek safety from armed conflict or persecution

83
New cards

Population pyramid

Provides a visual representation of a population in terms of age and sex as well as a good indication of the dependency ratio within a country and is to assess population growth and decline and to predict markets for goods/services

84
New cards

Rural-urban migration

The movement of people from the countryside to the city which causes two things to happen; increasing proportion of people living in towns and cities and expansion of urban areas

85
New cards

Chain migration

Immigrants who follow family and/or friends to the same destination

86
New cards

Life expectancy

Average number of years an infant newborn can expect to live; number varies within countries, cities, ethnicities, sexes, and between MDCs and LDCs.

87
New cards

Population Distribution

The pattern of people scattered over an area

88
New cards

Population Density

The number of people within a given area

89
New cards

Major Population Concentrations

Regions with a high arithmetic density

90
New cards

Sun Belt

The states in the south and west coast where in the 1960s and 70s , large numbers of white, middle class Americans from older northeastern and Midwest cities

91
New cards

Immigration Policies

Policies that address the movement of persons across borders

92
New cards

doubling time

The length of time for a population to double in size

93
New cards

Aging index

The number of people age 65 and older per 100 children ages 0-14

94
New cards

Ester Boserup

Theorized that people will find ways to increase food production and improve agricultural methods in times of pressure

95
New cards

Aging population

An increasing median age in the population due to declining fertility rates/rising life expectancy

96
New cards

Intervening opportunity

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away

97
New cards

Economic Consequences

Slower economic growth, fewer workers to contribute to the tax base, more people collecting pension benefits, increased health care costs

98
New cards

Ecumene

The habitable parts of the world such as along fertile rivers and plains

99
New cards

Ethnic cleansing

The effort to rid a country/region of a particular ethnicity either through forced migration or genocide

100
New cards

Political Consequences

Policy responses to counter the effects of aging population