Unit 18 - The law

arson

(n)

- The criminal act of deliberately setting fire to property:

eg: police are treating the fire as ...

authority

(n)

- A person or organization having political or administrative power and control:

eg: health authorities issued a worldwide alert

- The power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience:

eg: he had absolute authority over his subordinates

burglary

(n)

- Illegal entry of a building with intent to commit a crime, especially theft:

eg: a two-year sentence for burglary

consequence

(n) Hậu quả

A result or effect, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant.

sequential

(adj) Liên tiếp

- Forming or following in a logical order or sequence:

eg: a series of sequential steps

convict

(n)

- A person found guilty of a criminal offence and serving a sentence of imprisonment:

eg: two escaped convicts kidnapped them at gunpoint

criminal

(n)

A person who has committed a crime

deterrent

(n) Cái ngăn chặn

- A thing that discourages or is intended to discourage someone from doing something:

eg: cameras are a major ... to crime

(adj) để ngăn cản

evidence

(n)

- The available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid:

eg: the study finds little evidence of overt discrimination

(adj) evidential

fraud

(n)

- Wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain:

eg: he was convicted of ...

imprisonment

(n) sự giam cầm

- The state of being imprisoned; captivity

(v) imprison

inequality

(n)

- Difference in size, degree, circumstances, etc.; lack of equality:

eg: social inequality

intrusion

(n)

The action of intruding:

he was furious about this intrusion into his private life

(v) intrude

judge

(n)

- A public officer appointed to decide cases in a law court:

eg: he is due to appear before a judge and jury on Monday.

jury

(n) Ban bồi thẩm

- A body of people (typically twelve in number) sworn to give a verdict in a legal case on the basis of evidence submitted to them in court:

eg: the ... returned unanimous guilty verdicts

kidnapping

(n)

An act of abducting someone and holding them captive:

the recent kidnapping of a Dutch industrialist

lawyer

(n)

A person who practises or studies law

murder

(n) Tội giết người

- The unlawful premeditated killing of one human being by another:

eg: the brutal murder of a German holidaymaker

offence

(n)

A breach of a law or rule; an illegal act

prosecutor

(n) Người khởi tố, bên nguyên

- A person, especially a public official, who institutes legal proceedings against someone:

eg: prosecutors are fully entitled to bring any number of offences against a single defendant

punishment

(n)

- The infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offence:

eg: crime demands just punishment

(v) punish

recklessness

(n) Tính thiếu thận trọng

swearing

(n)

- The use of offensive language:

eg: there's a lot of swearing in the show

smuggling

(n) Sự buôn lậu

(v) smuggle- Move (goods) illegally into or out of a country:

eg: he's been smuggling cigarettes from Gibraltar into Spain

accused

(n) Bị cáo

A person or group of people who are charged with or on trial for a crime:

the accused was ordered to stand trial on a number of charges

(v) accuse buộc tội, kết tội.

vandalism

(n)

- Action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property:

eg: an act of mindless ...

violation

(n)

- The action of violating someone or something:

eg: the aircraft were in violation of UN resolutions

(v) violate: vi phạm, xâm phạm

criminal

(adj)

- Relating to crime:

eg: he is charged with conspiracy to commit ... damage

evil

(adj) xấu, ác, có hại

guilty

(adj) Có tội >< innocent vô tội

- Culpable of or responsible for a specified wrongdoing

- I still feel guilty about it

innocent

(adj) vô tội

harsh

(adj) khe khắt (luật); chát(vị); lỗ mãng

- Grating , unpleasantly rough, jarring to the senses, not melodious, impolite,

tough

(adj) hóc búa (vấn đề); cứng rắn

eg: Our existing laws are not tough enough to against crime.

intensional

(adj)

- Done on purpose; deliberate

law

abiding - (adj)

- Obedient to the laws of society:

eg: a ... citizen

non

violent - (adj) Using peaceful means rather than force

violent: (adj) dữ dội, hung tợn, quá khích, quá đáng

non

violent - (adj) >< violent

- violent: Involving an unlawful exercise or exhibition of force.

offensive

(adj) xúc phạm, làm nhục

Causing someone to feel resentful, upset, or annoyed:

the allegations made are deeply offensive to us

on trial

(adj) liên quan sự xử án

- Being tried in a court of law:

eg: two men have gone on trial for the murder

petty

(adj)

Of little importance; trivial:

administrative

(adj) thuộc chính quyền, thuộc hành chính

punishable

(adj) Có thể bị trừng phạt

strict

(adj)

- chính xác: a strict interpretation of the law

- Nghiêm khắc: my father was very strict

- Hoàn toàn:

conscious

(adj) tỉnh táo, có ý thức

elusive

(adj) difficult to define, khó nắm

eg: remain elusive -> vẫn khó để mà hiểu.

abide

(v)

- Accept or act in accordance with (a rule, decision, or recommendation); obey.

eg: I said I would abide by their decision

abolish

(v) bãi bỏ

- Formally put an end to (a system, practice, or institution):

eg: the tax was abolished in 1977

combat

(v) fight, battle against,chiến đấu, chống lại

- Take action to reduce or prevent (something bad or undesirable):

eg: The charity is working to combat poverty, reduce isolation, defeat ageism and to promote quality in care.

deter

(v) dissuade; prevent, stop Ngăn cản

- Discourage (someone) from doing something by instilling doubt or fear of the consequences:

eg: only a health problem would deter him from seeking re-election.

- Prevent the occurrence of:

eg: They think not only about how to deter war, but about how war might occur.

enforce

(v) Bắt tuân theo, đem thi hành (luật lệ).

- Compel observance of or compliance with (a law, rule, or obligation.

eg: the role of the police is to enforce the law

(n) enforcement

(adj) enforceable: có thể đem thi hành - able to be imposed so that it must be complied with.

imprison

(v) put in prison

monitor

(v) Observe, keep under surveillance

obey

(v) submit to, defer to; take/accept orders from

offend

(v) hurt someone's feelings, break the law, commit a crime

- Cause to feel upset, annoyed, or resentful

eg: 17 per cent of viewers said they had been offended by bad language

perpetrate

(v) commit, carry out, perform, execute gây ra

- Carry out or commit (a harmful, illegal, or immoral action):

eg: a crime has been perpetrated against a sovereign state

eg: perpetrate crime

(n) perpetration

commit

(v) Perpetrate or carry out (a mistake, crime, or immoral act)

resent

(v) begrudge, feel aggrieved at/about, phật ý, oán giận

- Feel bitterness or indignation at (a circumstance, action, or person):

eg: 1. she resented the fact that I had children

2. If you're always late on completing things, people stop relying on you, start resenting you and begin to bypass you.

violate

(v) contravene, breach, commit a breach of; invade, intrude on.

- Break or fail to comply with (a rule or formal agreement):

they violated the terms of a cease-fire.

(n) violator người ...

convict

(v) kết án

- phrase: convict a criminal

impose

(v) Force (an unwelcome decision or ruling) on someone

- phrase: impose a fine (bắt vạ, bắt nộp tiền phạt)

pass a law

(v) Thông qua điều luật

lay the blame on

(phrase) quy lỗi cho ai

eg: lay the all blame for criminal activity on the media.