28: Interactions between organisms including mutualisms

intra-specific interactions

within species

- group living

- competition for food and mates

- reproduction

- sexual conflict

inter-specific interactions

among species

- predation and herbivory

- competition for food and space

- mutualism

- commensalism

- amensalism

- parasitism

competition

interaction where different individuals/species compete for a limited resource (food, space, nutrients, breeding sites)

mutualism

an ecological interaction between two species in which both benefit

commensalism

an ecological relationship in which one species benefits while the other is not harmed or helped in any significant way

amensalism

competition with no effect on winning competitor

parasitism

an ecological relationship in which a parasite eats the cell contents, tissues, or body fluids of its host

parasistes _____ but do not usually _____ their host

harm, kill

symbiosis

a close relationship between two species, where at least one benefits - parasitism or mutualism

symbiosis meaning

together life - living together

neutralism

neither species benefits nor is harmed

mycorrhiza and pollination are examples of

mutualisms

grazing is an example of

parasitism

ecological niche

the specific set of biotic and abiotic resources that an organisms uses in its environment

fundamental ecological niche

the set of all the environmental conditions in which a species can maintain a stable population size

no two species can have an identical

ecological niche

true or false: niches can overlap

true

niche overlap leads to

competition

realised ecological niche

the set of conditions actually used by a species after interactions with other species have been taken into account

barnacles are a classic example of

fundamental vs realised niche

chthalamus is restricted by competition with balanus. when balanus is removed, cnthalamus expands into its

fundamental niche

resource partitioning

the differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community

species can avoid competition by _______ their niches

partitioning

obligate mutualism

one species cannot survive without the other

facultative mutualism

both species can survive independently

do ants protect acacias from elephants

yes - elephants avoid acacias because of ants, so having ants saves acacias from elephant damage

1 multiple choice option

acacia-ant relationship is an example of

facultative mutualism