Unit 1 - A&P I

Anterior

In-front of

Posterior

In back of

Superior

Above

Inferior

Below

Cranial

Toward the head

Caudal

Toward the tail

Ventral

Belly side

Dorsal

Back

Medial

Toward mid line

Lateral

Away from the mid line

Proximal

Closer to attachment

Distal

Further form attachment

Transverse plane

Cuts body into a superior and inferior section

Coronal

Cuts body into Anterior and posterior section

Sagittal

cuts body into a right an left section

Mid-Sagittal

Cuts body into a equal right and left portion

Superficial

Closer to the surface

Deep

Further from the surface

Homeostasis

The body's process of self-regulation to maintain a stable internal environment

Effector

An organ (like a muscle or gland), a cell, or a molecule that produces a response to a stimulus or signal.

Abdominal Region/Cavity

Hypogastric Region

below the umbilical region (stomach)

Hypochondriac regions

to the right and left of the epigastric region (below ribs)

Visceral

pertaining to the internal organs

Cephalic

pertaining to the head

Pelvic Region/Cavity

Enclosed by pelvis

Epigastric Region

pertaining to above the stomach

Positive Feedback

Feedback that tends to magnify stimulus to complete a process or increase its output. Less common.

Negative Feedback

A type of regulation that responds to a change in conditions by initiating responses that will counteract the change. Maintains homeostasis

Parietal

pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity

Thoraric Cavity/Region

chest cavity

Spinal

pertaining to the spine

iliac

pertaining to the ilium (Hip bone)

Pleura

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

Sensor/Receptor

detects changes in variable

Umbilical Region

Region of the navel (belly button)

Lumbar

lower back

Pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

Urinary System

Cleanses the blood. Rids the body of wastes. Maintains salt and water balance.

integumentary system

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails. External body coverings

endocrine system

Controls the body through hormones, affected by removal of adrenal gland

reproductive system

Reproduce offspring

digestive system

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.

respiratory system

Brings oxygen into the body. Gets rid of carbon dioxide.

lymphatic system

Defense against infection and disease

cardiovascular system

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood. Regulates water and acid-base balance of blood

skeletal system

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Made up of bones and joints

Muscular System

enables movement of the body and internal organs, also generates body heat

nervous system

the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. Brain, spinal cord, nerves