Developing PA interventions: delivery modes

part 2

Stage 3: identify content & implementation options - step 5: select behavior change techniques 

-behavior change techniques are active components of the intervention that are designed to change behavior 

-should be observable, replicable, and irreducible 

-chose a BCT from michie taxonomy

goal setting

-observable: see an interventionist asking participants to set a goal to cycle work

-replicable: teach other interventionists to do a goal setting to promote cycling to work

-irreducible: can not be broken down into further BCT (specific)

stage 3: identify content & implementation options - step 6: select modes of delivery

-what mode of delivery is appropriate for the target population

-examples: mass media, technology, face to face

-what is feasible

what is unique about target population

mass media campaigns 

good

-reach large numbers of people

-less expensive 

-newspapers, billboards, TV

bad

-might not reach target audience

-could have harmful effects (unintended consequences)

technology interventions 

good

-email, website, social media

-phone calls, texting 

bad 

-not everyone has it 

-expensive 

face to face approaches

good

-individual (motivational interviewing)

-group (buddy systems)

bad

-expensive due to staff

-facilities

stage 4: evaluation

-evaluate and iterate the intervention using evaluation frameworks

-did it work

-who did it reach

research vs real world

-research participants are different from general population (volunteers are needed)

-research staff have more time 

-money 

RE - AIM

-framework for evaluating the public health impact of physical activity promotion interventions

-reach

-efficacy/effectiveness

-adoption

-implementation

-maintenance

RE - AIM : reach

-individual level

-number of participants (did we reach the right population)

-what percentage of potentially eligible participants were excluded

RE - AIM : efficacy/effectiveness

-individual level

-impact of an intervention (quality of life, outcomes)

MOST LOOKED AT (if this does not work the rest of RE-AIM is irrelevant)

RE - AIM : adoption

-setting level (schools, clinics)

-intervention providers who are willing to initiate a PA promotion program

RE - AIM : implementation

-setting/agent level

-providers fidelity to the various elements of an interventions protocol, including consistency of delivery as intended at the time and cost of the intervention

RE - AIM : maintenance

-individual and setting level

-PA program becomes institutionalized or part of the routine practices and policies

-individual: long term effects 6-12 months

-setting level: extent of different intervention components continued or institutionalized

-did the program stay?