Religion and Life - Unit 3 Exam

Covering the following content: U3M1A, U3M1B, U3M2, U3M3, U3M4, U3M4, U3M5, U4M1

U3M1A - Consumerism Def

A culture that focuses on material possessions and/or consumption of goods.

U3M1A - Influential People (Supports 2)

“Pope Francis teaches us that love of God and neighbour should orbit around humility, inclusion, listening, forgiveness and being present, especially to those who question if they matter or belong” (Mescher, 2020)

U3M1A - Culture of Consumerism (Obstructs 1)

“Consumption has thus become increasingly an act of the individual, gradually losing its social dimension, yet remaining tethered to the economic sphere.” (Bruni, 2018)

U3M1A - Influential People (Supports 1)

"A new Pew Research Centre survey finds that 75% of U.S. Catholics view Pope Francis favourably" (Pew Research, 2024)

U3M1A - Social Disadvantage (Hinders)

"Religion can sustain and even promote class divisions and inequalities that are inimical to the values and ideals of many religious traditions" (Rodgers and Konieczny, 2018)

U3M1A - Social Disadvantage (Supports)

"Religion often offers structural benefits to those in poverty and can assist people in navigating their everyday lives" (Rodgers and Konieczny, 2018)

U3M1A - Culture of Consumerism (Obstructs 1)

"It was the 'work-and-spend' trap, an endless cycle characterised by the desire for higher living standards, linked with greater levels of debt that can only be managed by working longer and harder" (Adonis, 2012)

U3M2 - Climate change def

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns

U3M2 - Global Response of the Church

"to hear both the cry of the earth and the cry of the poor." (Laudato Si, 49)

U3M2 - Scripture Quote 2

The land itself must be given a rest and not abused (Leviticus 25:1-7)

U3M2 - Universal response

“It would be mistaken to view other living beings as mere objects subjected to arbitrary human domination” (Laudato Si, 82)

U3M2 - Tension and Conflict

"Climate change acts as a catalyst, exacerbating existing tensions over resources, and leading to disputes and violence" (CGTN, 2021)

U3M2 - Scripture Quote 1

Humans are commanded to care for God's creation (Genesis 2:15)

U3M2 - Response of the Australian Church

"We are being challenged to understand that we do not stand outside of creation but are part of it, "joined in a splendid universal communion" with other creatures" (Cry of the Earth, Cry of the Poor, 2022)

U3M2 - Australian response

We know that the safety, health, and livelihoods of those who are the poorest and most vulnerable in our communities are usually the most severely impacted. (Cry of the Earth, Cry of the Poor, 2022)

U3M3 - Church prior to Vatican II

"Prior to this time, the church had been almost seen as a fortress, very much concerned about its own internal stability and integrity" (Huff, 2012)

U3M3 - Why the Council was called

"The rigid application of the decrees of the Council of Trent had left the Church without any paradigm for change or reform." (Huebsch, 1999)

U3M3 - Importance of the Decree on Ecumenism

"The Decree of Ecumenism encourages the work of ecumenism throughout the Church and entrusts this desire of unity to prayer and action." (United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2014)

U3M3 - Importance of Lumen Gentium

“Generally, we tend not to speak about holiness in relation to ourselves, but Lumen Gentium teaches us that we are call called to holiness.” (Nowotnik, 2023)

U3M3 - Pope John Paul on Vatican II

“For me the Second Vatican Council has always been...the constant reference point of every pastoral action" (Pope John Paul II, 1985)

U3M3 - Pope Francis on Vatican II

-   “The [Second Vatican] Council was a visit of God to his church. It was one of those things that God produces in history through holy people,” (Pope Francis, 2023)

U3M3 - Declaration of Religious Liberty

“By declaring that the only just form of government was one under which people were free to worship as they pleased, the church relinquished centuries-old preferential treatment for particular governments.” (Wilde, 2018)

U3M1B - Religion as a belief system 1

72% of churchgoers find that prayer makes the worship 'very much' meaningful (NCLS, 2016)

U3M1B - Religion as a belief system 2

36% of Churchgoers value building a strong sense of community within the local church (NCLS Research, 2021)

U3M1B - Religion as a human invention

"Most sceptics and all atheists think of religion as a human invention because religions differ greatly from one another" (Dulle, 2007)

U3M1B - Religion as a political entity

"Voluntary assisted dying in either form represents a radical breach in the universal prohibition on one person killing another" (Catholic Bishops of Western Australia, 2018)

U3M2 - Grounding paragraph 2

2023 was the warmest year on record since 1850, with an average global temperature of 14.98 degrees.

U3M4 - What is the Catholic Teaching of Marriage?

The Catholic Church teaches that marriage is a sacramental union between one man and one woman for life.

U3M4 - Grounding Paragraph - foundation in scripture

“So they are no longer two but one flesh. Therefore, what God has joined together, let no one separate.” (Matthew 19:6).

U3M4 - St Augustine on the Three Goods of Marriage

“These, therefore, are the goods that make marriage good—offspring, fidelity, sacrament.” (St Augustine, 401).

U3M4 - St Augustine on the importance of companionship in marriage

“The reason why marriage is good lies, I think, not merely in the procreation of children, but also in the natural companionship itself between the two sexes.” (St Augustine, 401

U3M4 - Council of Trent on marriage

“Trent declared Marriage to be a permanent and indissoluble bond. It also declared marriage was one of the Church’s seven Sacraments.” (Santa Maria College, 2025)

U3M4 - Council of Trent on the protestant ideas of marriage

“ungodly men of this age, raving madly, have … formed false ideas concerning this venerable sacrament” (Council of Trent, 1563)

U3M4 - Vatican II on Marriage - GS

“merging with divine love leads the spouses to a free and mutual gift of themselves, a gift proving itself by gentle affection and by deed. (GS, 48)

U3M4 - Vatican II on Marriage - AA

“the apostolate of married persons is of unique importance for the Church and civil society” (Apostolicam Actuositatem, 11)

U3M5 - Grounding of S&P 1

“Through a council the faith of the Church is authentically expressed, and at the same time the teaching of Christ is made manifest for God's people” (Encyclopedia.com, 2025)

U3M5 - Issue of the Protestant ideas (Sacraments 1) - Council of Trent

“If anyone saith… that any one of these seven is not truly and properly a sacrament; let him be anathema.” (Decree on the Sacraments, Canon I)

U3M5 - Issue of the Protestant ideas (Sacraments 2) - Council of Trent

“the delegates finished an important decree on the Eucharist that defined the real presence of Christ in opposition to the interpretation of Huldrych Zwingli, the Swiss Reformation leader” (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2025)

U3M5 - Issue of the Role of the Laity 1 - Vatican II

“"The apostolate of the laity derives from their Christian vocation and the Church can never be without it." (Apostolicam Actuositatem, 1)

U3M5 - Issue of the Role of the Laity 2 - Vatican II

“Generally, we tend not to speak about holiness in relation to ourselves, but Lumen Gentium teaches us that we are call called to holiness.” (Nowotnik, 2023)

U3M5 - Issue of Ecumenism 1 - Vatican II

“The Decree of Ecumenism encourages the work of ecumenism throughout the Church and entrusts this desire of unity to prayer and action.” (United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2014)

U3M5 - Issue of Ecumenism 2 - Vatican II

“The restoration of unity among all Christians is one of the principal concerns of the Second Vatican Council. Christ the Lord founded one Church and one Church only.” (Unitatis Redintegratio, 1)

U4M1 - Grounding Paragraph - Religion in Society

“Faith stands in opposition to some elements of culture and is detached from others. In some aspects, faith is identical with elements of culture” (Volf, 2014)

U4M1 - Grounding - Census Stats

•   Christianity was the most common religion (43.9%)

• No religion was second most common (38.9%)

• Expected to cross over for the 2026 census

• Christianity has been on a downward trend

• No religion and other religions have been on an upward trend

U4M1 - Social Role in Aus Society (1)

“since the early 1800’s Catholics have contributed to improving education, helping the sick and elderly, supporting the disadvantaged and vulnerable, and building communities that strengthen our sense of belonging across the country” (Catholic Development Fund, 2023)

U4M1 - Social Role in Aus Society (2)

34% of students in Catholic schools are non-catholic (NCEC, 2019)

U4M1 - Political Role in Aus Society (1) - VAD

“It has been the constant teaching of the Catholic Church for the last two thousand years that no-one has the right to end their own life or to deliberately bring about the death of another” (Costello, 2021)

U4M1 - Political Role in Society (2)

"Voluntary assisted dying in either form represents a radical breach in the universal prohibition on one person killing another" (Catholic Bishops of Western Australia, 2018)