Chem Midterm 1

kilo (k)

10^3

deci (d)

10^-1

centi (c)

10^-2

milli (m)

10^-3

micro (open p)

10^-6

nano (n)

10^-9

pico (p)

10^-12

mega (M)

10^6

giga (G)

10^9

tera (T)

10^12

peta (P)

10^15

femto (f)

10^-15

atto (a)

10^-18

zepto (z)

10^-21

Peta memorize

Pen15

Tera memorize

Tera is 12 years old.

Giga memorize

Giggles at 9 months.

Mega memorize

Mega big hero 6.

Kylie’s Underwear Doesn’t Contain Mice, Matthew’s Nanny Pokes Fun At Zach

Kilo (3), UNIT, Deci (-1), Centi (-2), Milli (-3), Micro (-6), Nano (-9), Pico (-12), Femto (-15), Atto (-18), Zepto (-21)

In sig figs: non zeroes are…

always significant

In sig figs: sandwiched zeroes are…

always significant

In sig figs: zeroes at the beginning of a number are…

never significant

In sig figs: zeroes at the end of a number are…

only significant after a decimal

Mult/div sig figs

take least #

Add/sub sig figs

round to least significant decimal

Sodium

Na

Iron

Fe

Sulfur

S

Potassium

K

Barium

Ba

Titanium

Ti

Lead

Pb

Argon

Ar

Arsenic

As

Cobalt

Co

Hydrogen

H

Helium

He

Lithium

Li

Nitrogen

N

Fluorine

F

Magnesium

Mg

Manganese

Mn

Zinc

Zn

Silver

Ag

Gold

Au

Mercury

Hg

Tin

Sn

Bromine

Br

Chlorine

Cl

Boron

B

Chromium

Cr

Phosphorus

P

Silicon

Si

Aluminum

Al

Selenium

Se

Cadmium

Cd

Bismuth

Bi

Argon

Ar

Carbon

C

Iodine

I

Cesium

Cs

Oxygen

O

Beryllium

Be

Strontium

Sr

Yttrium

Y

Calcium

Ca

Platinum

Pt

Antimony

Sb

Vanadium

V

Elements in a column (V) are called…

group

Elements in a row (H) are called…

period

Which column/group are alkali metals?

1A

Which column/group are alkaline earth metals?

2A

Which column/group are halogens?

7A

Which column/group are noble gases?

8A

Except Hydrogen, what are the elements on the left side of the periodic table called?

Metals

What are the elements in the middle of the periodic table called?

Transition metals

What are the elements on the right side of the periodic table called?

Non-metals

What is the staircase from under Boron to in between Antimony and Tellurium called?

Metalloids

Macroscopic

What we see

Microscopic

Particle diagrams

Pure substance

one formula (Ex. H2O NaCl)

Mixtures

more than one formula

Compounds

2 or more elements bonded together

Composition

the number of each atom type present (chemical formula)

Structure

the way elements are bonded together (3D)

Heterogenous mixtures

non-uniform

Homogenous mixtures

uniform, called solutions

Kinetic energy

particles in motion

Potential energy

energy build up

Repulsions are what kind of potential energy?

Positive

Attractions are what kind of potential energy?

Negative

Physical properties

Color, boiling point, temperature, density, mass, hardness

Chemical properties

Flammability, toxicity, reactivity

Extensive properties

Depend on how much of a sample you have (mass, volume)

Intensive properties

Do not change based on amount (color, density, concentration, melting point, odor, temperature)

Filtration

Removes solid from heterogenous mixture

Distillation

Separates components of a homogenous mixture based on boiling point

Chromatography

Separates components of a homogenous mixture with substances that stick

Alpha (a) particles

bent by electric field, opposite directions, positively charged, 2+