Law Enforcement and Judicial Process Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering criminal intent, legal terminology, the Colorado court system, and physical fitness components found in the lecture notes.

Criminal attempt

Taking substantial steps toward the commission of the offense.

Intent

A conscious objective to cause a specific result.

Knowingly (or willfully)

When a person is aware conduct is of such nature or that such circumstances exist.

Recklessly

When a person consciously recognizes the danger but ignores it anyway.

Criminal negligence

A gross deviation from the standard of care a reasonable person would exercise.

Serious bodily harm

Injury that at the time of the actual injury or later involves a substantial risk of death, permanent disfigurement, or impairment, including fractures, stabbings, and gunshot wounds.

Deadly weapon

Anything intended to or used capable of producing death or serious bodily injury.

Insanity

Not being able to distinguish between right and wrong.

Solicitation

Persuading someone to commit a crime.

Conspiracy

When a person intends to facilitate and makes an illegal agreement to complete a crime.

Earshot

The concept of using the sense of hearing for observation.

Noble cause corruption

Corruption caused by what officers are motivated by in the pursuit of what they believe is a noble goal.

Blue wall of silence

A component of law enforcement culture related to the code of ethics and potential retaliation.

Grand Jury

A private proceeding made up of $16-23$ citizens who determine if there is probable cause to file an indictment based on evidence.

Bench trial

A case heard and decided solely by a judge instead of a jury.

Preponderance of evidence

The standard of proof used in Department of Revenue hearings described as the 'tip of the scale'.

Justice

Ensuring the innocent who have been wronged have their chance to be made right by punishment for the wrong doer.

Jurisdiction

The official power, right, or authority of a court to apply the law, make decisions, and manage cases.

Venue

The geographical location where a case will be heard.

Writ of certiorari

A document from a higher court to a lower court requesting their records.

Appellate Courts

Courts that review legal errors and constitutional issues by reviewing transcripts and briefs only, presided over by a panel of judges with no juries.

Trial Courts

Courts that determine facts and guilt, where officers testify as witnesses and evidence is presented to a judge, jury, prosecutor, and defense.

Municipal courts

Trial courts that handle local city ordinances, local codes, and local issues passed by city councils.

County Courts

Courts handling Colorado state laws, misdemeanor violations, driving violations, civil infractions, and preliminary hearings for felonies.

District Courts

Courts with statewide jurisdiction over Colorado state law involving felonies and misdemeanors in both criminal and civil matters.

Aerobic training

Rhythmic and repetitive exercise, such as running, swimming, or biking, where oxygen intake is sufficient to sustain the exercise.

Anaerobic training

Shorter, faster, high-intensity exercise like weight lifting, HIIT, or sprinting that does not require oxygen as the primary energy source.

Dynamic strength

Muscle endurance, or the ability to apply force repeatedly over a long period of time.

Eccentric strength

The ability to control your muscle and exert force while the muscle is lowering, such as in reverse or negative curls.

Absolute strength

The maximum amount of force muscles are capable of producing under involuntary conditions, often measured by a one rep max.

Criminal attempt

Behavior that involves taking substantial steps toward the commission of the offense.

Observation in Law Enforcement

The practice of using observation techniques to gather facts and evidence relevant to an investigation.

Two types of Criminal Intent

1. General Intent: The intent to commit the act. 2. Specific Intent: The intent to achieve a specific result.

Types of Criminal defenses

1. Insanity Defense: The defendant was unable to distinguish between right and wrong. 2. Alibi Defense: The defendant was not present at the crime scene.

Difference between motive and intent

Motive refers to the reason behind committing a crime, while intent refers to the determination to commit that crime.

Levels of severity in crimes

Crimes are categorized by severity such as felonies, misdemeanors, and infractions, often escalating in terms of punishment.