Neonatal and Pediatric Nutritional Requirements

Vocabulary-style flashcards detailing specific energy, protein, and fluid requirements for neonatal and pediatric conditions such as RDS, BPD, ECMO, CHD, and renal/surgical needs.

Maintenance Fluid

The fluid required for homeostasis, cardiovascular and renal function.

Holliday segar equation

An equation used to estimate maintenance fluid needs at $100\,mL/kg$.

Goal Neonatal Fluid Volumes for Growth

$$140-200\,mL/kg/d$$

ASPEN Late Pre-term Enteral Energy Needs

$$120-135\,kcal/kg/d$$

ASPEN Late Pre-term Parenteral Energy Needs

$$100-110\,kcal/kg/d$$

ASPEN Late Pre-term Enteral Protein Needs

$$3-3.2\,gm/kg/d$$

ASPEN Late Pre-term Parenteral Protein Needs

$$3-3.5\,gm/kg/d$$

Term Enteral Energy Needs (ASPEN)

$$105-120\,kcal/kg/d$$

Term Enteral Protein Needs (Texas Children's)

$1.5\,gm/kg/d$ for healthy infants and $2-3\,gm/kg/d$ for ill infants.

Term Parenteral Energy Needs (Texas Children's)

$$90-110\,kcal/kg/d$$

NOWS/NAS Energy Requirements

May require early fortification to $22-24\,kcal/oz$ and needs can be as high as $150\,kcal/kg$.

RDS Parenteral Energy Needs

$$85-115\,kcal/kg$$

RDS Enteral Energy Needs

$$90-130\,kcal/kg$$

RDS Protein and Fluid Needs

Protein: $3.5-4\,g/kg$; Fluid: $120-150\,mL/kg$

BPD Energy Needs

A $15-25\%$ increase in energy needs or $135-150\,kcal/kg/d$; Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) is related to respiratory status.

BPD Fluid Management

May be limited to $135-150\,mL/kg/d$ to prevent fluid overload.

ECMO Energy Gold Standard

Indirect calorimetry

ECMO Minimal Metabolic Support Energy

$80-100\,kcal/kg/d$ (Neonatal Nutrition Pocket Guide)

ECMO Parenteral Nutrition (PN) Volumes

Volumes may be limited to $60-80\,mL/kg$ with goals of $120-130\,mL/kg$.

CHD Energy and Fluid Needs

Energy: $130-150\,kcal/kg/day$; Fluid: $120-130\,mL/kg/day$

CHD Protein Needs

Pre-term: $3.5-4\,gm/kg/day$; Term: $1.8-2.2\,gm/kg/day$

CKD Stage 3 Protein Needs (Term 0-6 months)

$1.5-2.1\,gm/kg$ ($100-140\%$ DRI)

CKD Stage 4-5 Protein Needs (Term 0-6 months)

$1.5-1.8\,gm/kg$ ($100-120\%$ DRI)

Hemodialysis Protein Needs (Term 0-6 months)

$1.6\,gm/kg$ (DRI + $0.1\,gm/kg$)

Peritoneal Dialysis Protein Needs (Term 0-6 months)

$1.8\,gm/kg$ (DRI + $0.3\,gm/kg$)

Surgery Energy Needs (Full term vs Pre-term)

Full term: $100-120\,kcal/kg$; Pre-term: $110-160\,kcal/kg$

Surgery Protein Needs (Full term vs Pre-term)

Term: $2.5-3\,gm/kg$; Pre-term: $3.5-4\,gm/kg$