AP WHAP Unit 8

Which of the following types of data would most likely demonstrate a positive effect of economic globalization and thereby undermine the authors' argument regarding free trade?

A. Data on healthcare expenditure per capita in Western Europe and North America in the 1990s

B. Data on employment levels and personal disposable income in Pacific Rim Asian countries in the 1990s

C. Data on employment levels in traditional manufacturing areas of developed countries, such as the United States Rust Belt or the British Midlands, in the 1990s

D. Data on the global growth of HIV infections in the 1990s

B. Data on employment levels and personal disposable income in Pacific Rim Asian countries in the 1990s

In the broader context of the 1990s, which of the following most likely limited the popular appeal of protests against the "global economic system" such as the ones called for in the passage?

A. Global military tensions resulting from the expansion of NATO

B. Rising concerns over environmental problems such as air pollution and ozone layer depletion

C. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting absence of alternatives to the Western-dominated political and economic order

D. The continuing reoccurrence of famines, civil wars, and other humanitarian crises in Third World countries, despite international efforts to address these crises

C. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting absence of alternatives to the Western-dominated political and economic order

In the broader context of the 1990s, which of the following most likely limited the popular appeal of protests against the "global economic system" such as the ones called for in the passage?

A. Global military tensions resulting from the expansion of NATO

B. Rising concerns over environmental problems such as air pollution and ozone layer depletion

C. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting absence of alternatives to the Western-dominated political and economic order

D. The continuing reoccurrence of famines, civil wars, and other humanitarian crises in Third World countries, despite international efforts to address these crises

A. The anti-globalization movement encompassed too many different groups around the world and advocated too many different goals to be truly effective.

Based on the image and its historical context, which of the following can best be inferred about the artist's primary purpose in creating the painting?

A. To celebrate Chinese people's continued devotion to communist ideology and their rejection of capitalism

B. To offer an ironic commentary on the triumph of Western consumer culture in communist China

C. To support the suppression of dissident thought during the long rule of Mao Zedong

D. To make a plea for Westerners to develop a greater understanding of Chinese values

B. To offer an ironic commentary on the triumph of Western consumer culture in communist China

The policies pursued by the Chinese government starting in the 1980s, which led to the economic situation reflected in the painting, are best seen as an example of which of the following late-twentieth-century trends?

A. Regional economic integration

B. Expansion of the welfare state

C. Economic isolationism

D. Economic liberalization

D. Economic liberalization

In which of the following twentieth-century historical contexts would artists have been most likely to display works that carry messages similar to that conveyed by Wang Guangyi's painting?

A. The Soviet Union after the death of Lenin

B. Russia after the end of the Cold War

C. South Africa under apartheid

D. Germany during Nazi rule

B. Russia after the end of the Cold War

Which of the following twentieth-century processes contributed most directly to the adoption of the system of cultural values to which Banksy alludes in Image 1 ?

A. The expansion of European empires led to the expansion of market economies worldwide.

B. Greater industrial productivity and new technologies led to increased availability of consumer goods.

C. Cold War rivalries led to ideological and economic competition between the Soviet Union and the United States.

D. The continued volatility of economic cycles led many governments to enact social welfare legislation for their citizens.

B. Greater industrial productivity and new technologies led to increased availability of consumer goods.

Artists such as Banksy would most likely argue that the conditions in Africa alluded to in Image 2 are in large part the result of which of the following?

A. African governments directing economic development in the aftermath of decolonization

B. African countries lacking the natural resources to support sustained economic growth

C. International economic organizations imposing free-market reforms on African states

D. Regional trade organizations advancing the interests of large African states at the expense of smaller African states

C. International economic organizations imposing free-market reforms on African states

Based on the images, Banksy's work best illustrates which of the following?

A. The trend in modern art toward experimentation with abstract techniques and styles

B. The spread of social protests against the inequalities of global economic integration

C. The attainment of greater economic and political equality for women worldwide

D. The expansion of educational opportunities in developing African, Asian, and Latin American countries

B. The spread of social protests against the inequalities of global economic integration

Which of the following was the most direct outcome of the conflict between Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire referred to in the passage?

A. India achieved independence from Great Britain.

B. The Ottoman Empire collapsed.

C. The Bolshevik Revolution broke out in Russia.

D. Ottoman Turkey allied with Germany against Great Britain.

B. The Ottoman Empire collapsed.

What was the leading cause of the unprecedented increase in global population in the twentieth century?

A. The end of international epidemics

B. Global warming and other types of climate change

C. The impact of medical innovations and public health measures

D. The reduction of world hunger

C. The impact of medical innovations and public health measures

Which of the following was the leading cause of the huge global population increase in the twentieth century?

A. Rapid increases in per capita birth rates

B. The end of international epidemics

C. Global warming

D. The impact of public health measures

E. The elimination of world hunger

D. The impact of public health measures

The response by the author to the idea of being sent to Vietnam to "kill wretched people living far away" best exemplifies which of the following late-twentieth-century global processes?

A. The globalization of consumer culture

B. Individuals challenging established racial and cultural assumptions

C. Popular disillusionment with free-market economic policies

D. The proliferation of new weapons and military technologies

B. Individuals challenging established racial and cultural assumptions

Which of the following post-1945 processes in Western Europe was most directly inspired by the "sea-change" in Europeans' political and social attitudes described by Mazower in the last sentence of the first paragraph?

A. The expanding educational and occupational opportunities for women

B. The continued decline of religiosity and church attendance

C. The rise of extremist right-wing anti-immigrant political movements

D. The initial steps toward European economic and political integration

D. The initial steps toward European economic and political integration

Mazower's interpretation in the passage is most clearly informed by which of the following?

A. Social Darwinism

B. Marxist critiques of capitalism

C. Postcolonial critiques of imperialism

D. Romantic nationalism

C. Postcolonial critiques of imperialism

Which of the following was a major factor that contributed to changes in family dynamics in both Great Britain and Japan during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

A. The migration of male indentured laborers to the Americas

B. The increased number of women in the workforce

C. The rapid rise in the number of children working in large factories

D. The large number of women elected to political office

B. The increased number of women in the workforce

Which of the following global economic developments most directly contributed to the trend shown in the chart after 1980 ?

A. The end of communism following the collapse of the Soviet Union

B. The formation of regional trading blocs encouraging free trade

C. The increased shifting of global manufacturing to the Pacific Rim

D. The lowering of immigration restrictions for unskilled migrants because of United Nations' treaties

C. The increased shifting of global manufacturing to the Pacific Rim

The demographic changes in the chart also contributed most directly to which of the following in China after circa 1990 ?

A. Increased democratization of the Chinese political system

B. The emergence of environmentalist movements advocating for policies to curb air and water pollution

C. The rejection of Western consumer culture by China's new middle classes

D. The spread of food shortages resulting from declining agricultural production

B. The emergence of environmentalist movements advocating for policies to curb air and water pollution

Which of the following features of communist China in the late twentieth century most likely enabled its government to carry out the policy shown in the image?

A. Its rapid urbanization

B. Its adoption of free-market reforms

C. Its widespread rural poverty

D. Its totalitarian system

D. Its totalitarian system

The poster could best be used to illustrate which of the following global trends in the post-Second World War period?

A. The increasing concern about possible negative social consequences of technological development

B. The tendency of governments to take a strong role in guiding their countries' economic and social development

C. The rapid pace of cultural exchange enabled by improved forms of communication