APWH Exam Study Notes

AP World History Exam Study Notes Flashcards

Humanism

Emphasized the individual and their self-interest during the Renaissance.

Renaissance

A period (1450-1750) of significant ideological shifts.

Protestant and English Reformations

Marked a move towards secular thinking in Europe.

Age of Exploration and Scientific Revolution

Shifted focus towards the natural world for answers.

Scientific Revolution

Introduced gravity, laws of nature, and scientific reasoning.

Compass, astrolabe, and caravel

Allowed for longer and larger voyages.

Columbus

Connected the world in 1492, laying groundwork for globalization.

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of animals, fruits, vegetables, and diseases.

European diseases

Led to labor shortages due to decimated native populations.

Coerced labor

Included slavery from West Africa.

Triangle Trade

Europeans traded weapons for slaves, shipping slaves to the Americas, and returning natural resources to Europe.

Mercantilism

Aimed to enrich the mother country by extracting wealth from colonies.

Land-Based/Gunpowder Empires

Empires (Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals, Qing, Russia, Songhai, Morocco) administering governments.

Devshirme system

Used by the Ottoman Empire as its bureaucracy.

Civil service tests

Utilized by China for government jobs.

John Locke

Challenged the idea of divinely ordained power.

American Revolution

A top-down revolution led by elites.

French Revolution

A bottom-up revolution from the peasants.

Nationalism

Emerged from the French Revolution, emphasizing shared identity and self-determination.

Industrialization

Started in Great Britain around 1750, spread globally.

Berlin Conference

Led to the Scramble for Africa.

Japan

Industrialized through the Meiji Restoration to avoid being colonized.

Causes of World War I

Militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Hitler

Hyperinflation led to this person's rise in Weimar Germany

Japan

Triggered World War II with the invasion of Poland.

Attack on Pearl Harbor

Led to the United States' entry into World War II.

Cold War

Involved proxy wars, nuclear arms race, and the space race.

European nations

Transitioning to economic imperialism during decolonization.

Great Leap Forward

Mao Zedong's plan that was a failure.