Vibrionaceae

Vibrionaceae

stool pathogen, GNB, comma shaped. oxidase pos. (use to diff from enterobacteriaceae). motile, polar falgella, ID requires battery tests. string test. hemeagglutin

Aeromonas hydrophila (found in water)

nosocomial infections, found in faucets, fresh or sea water, sink traps

Vibrionaceae

stool pathogen, GNB, comma shaped. oxidase pos. (use to diff from enterobacteriaceae). motile, polar falgella, ID requires battery tests. string test. hemeagglutin

Aeromonas hydrophila (found in water)

nosocomial infections, found in faucets, fresh or sea water, sink traps

Aeromonas hydrophila pathogenesis

Acute diarrhea (mimics cholera) most frequent type of infection. cellulitis and wound infections associated with contaminated water in warm seasons. septicemia found in patients with hepatobiliary disease and immunocompromised. miscellaneous infections: UTI, wound, ear, meningitis from contact with infected water, medicinal leeches.

Aeromonas hydrophila ID

oxidase pos. (diff from enterobacteriaceae) var. lactose fermentation (variable on stool enteric agar). indole pos., ferment glucose (diff from pseudomonas. MAC.

Vibrio cholerae

Serogroups 1 (eltor) and 139 are pos. markers for epidemic and pandemic spread of disease. straight or curved GNB

vibrio cholerae 1

two biogroups: classical and El Tor

V. vulnificus

invades lymphatics causing septicemia

Vibrio cholerae growth

grows on most isolation media, enhanced by adding 1% NaCl to medium.

Vibrio cholerae special media

needed for optimum isolation and id. physicians must notify lab. TCBS and APW

Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose Agar (TCBS) Vibrio cholerae

used for id. based on sucrose fermentation. cholera is yellow. parahaemolyticus and vulnificus are blue-green

Alkaline peptone water (APW)

serves as enrichment broth and transport media. contains 1% peptone and 1% NaCl at ph 8.6. inhibits stool NF and allows vibrio. must be subcultured TCBS within 12-18 hours

Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis

asymptomatic to severe. severe diarrhea through toxins. ingested, attaches to mucosa and produces enterotoxin, enterotosin prevents the reabsorption of sodium ions, stool resembles "rice water", loss of potassium ions leads to cardiac arrhythmias and death

Vibrio cholerae ID

oxidase pos. motile, string test pos. (bacteria mixed with drops of Na deoxycholate on a glass slide. loop immersed into mixture and pulled away. bacteria produces long string that becomes tenacious after 60 sec. other species string reaction diminishes after 45 to 60 seconds.) hemaglutination: mix with polyvalent O antiserum look for agglutination (H antigen).

V. El Tor

diff from V. cholerae because (El tor are beta hemolytic on BAP), is capable of agglutinating chicken RBCs and are resistant to polymyxin B disk. dehydration, heart attack, rich water stool, diarrhea.

Vibrio cholerae treatment

fluid and electrolyte replacement. use tetracycline to kill organism

Vibrio cholerae control

education and improved sanitation, isolation of patient

V. parahaemolyticus (salt loving) pathogenicity

gastroenteritis after eating poorly cooked crab, shrimp, lobster, swimming in salt water. now found in US, came from far east.

V. parahaemolyticus ID

blue green on TCBS. agglutination of O antisera neg., hemolyze human blood on Wagatsuma agar= pos kanagawa test. grows well in peptone water with 7-8% NaCl. sucrose agar

V. vulnificus pathogenicity

produces septicemia in patients with cirrhosis or other hepatic diseases. 50% fatality rate. Gangrene like lesions

V. vulnificus ID

green in TCBS. Lactose fermentation (diff from other vibrios)

Plesiomonas shigelloides

GNB, motile, straight/round. 2-7 lophotrichous at one end flagella. lives in surface water and soil. infects cold blooded animals. humans ingest H2O or unwashed food.

P. shigelloides pathogenicity

gastroenteritis, mild watery. May cause severe cholera-like disease in immunocomporomised

P. shigelloides ID

oxidase pos. catalase pos. glucose fermenter pos. lysine and ornithine decarboxylase pos. (aeromonas hydrophila- ornithine decarb neg.) BAP- gray smooth. MAC-NLF clear. Indole pos. (diff from Psd)

P. shigelloides treatment

aminoglycosides, timethoprim/sulfa, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin

campylobacter jejuni

gastroenteritis. most important human pathogen

C. coli

resembles C. jejuni

C. fetus

associated with cattle, rare cause of septicemia in humans

C. laridis

found in seagulls

C. pylori

Now called Helicobacter (h. pylori). cause of peptic ulcer disease found in humans

Campylocater

GNB, curved, s shaped/ gull winged bacilli. darting motility. leave safranin in gram stain on for 2 minutes

Campylobacter habitat

domestic housepets, chickens, turkeys, waterfowl. Running under sink won't help

Campylobacter Growth

requires increased CO2, 5% O2 10% CO2 and 85% N

Campylobacter Special media

Skirrow's blood agar (lysed horse blood with vancomycin, polymyxin, trimethoprim) and Campy BAP (blaser medium 10% sheep blood vancomycin, polymyxin, trimethoprim, cephalothin, amphotericin

Campylobacter pathogenicity

ingested through raw milk, partially cooked poultry, contaminated water. gastroenteritis. septicemia, septic arthritis, meningitis in children

Campylobacter ID

oxidase pos. catalase pos mostly. hippurate hydrolysis (only C. jejuni pos) sensitivity to Nalidixic acid and cephalothin (used for id not treatment). looks like seagulls. look for WBCs in stool. don't do gram stain

Campylobacter treatment

self limiting, treat with erythromycin or ciprofloxacin.

H. pylori

human stomach only. cause of B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. do gastric biopsy

H. pylori ID

urea pos. giemsa or hematoxylin stain (4-6 sheathed flagella). oxidase pos. catalase pos.

H. pylori treatment

triple drug therapy to include metronidazole (aerobic bacteria and parasites). Ciprofloxacin used to treat most stool pathogens but they are growing resistant

Alkaline peptone water