roman history final

Name: Coin: Obverse: J. Caesar as dictator for life

Date: 44 BC

Location: Rome

Description: Once again, this coin is used for propaganda. It celebrates Caesar becoming dictator for life. This made a lot of people angry, as it reminded them of what Sulla had done. He is assassinated shortly after becoming dictator for life.

Name: name: Coin: Rev: Italian bull gores Roman wolf

Date: Late-Republican period, dated to ca. 90 BC

Location: italica

Description: referred to the social wars, another representation of events/politics seen on coins. shows the bull (italica) goring the roman wolf

Name: Res Gestae of Augustus,

Date: 1st century AD

Location: Ankyra, Turkey

Description: The Res Gestae is an inscription that describes Augustus’ life and accomplishments. It states that Augustus did not take any power from the state that was not traditional. It gives insight as to how Augustus presented himself to the Roman people.

Name: Nero's Colossus

Date: Neronian period

Location: Rome

Description: Nero built a major complex on cleared land after the major fire of 64. Part of the complex was the Colossus of Nero, a giant statue of himself. The colosseum will be built near this statue and will give the colosseum its name.

Name: "Commodus," bust sculpture: As Hercules

Date: Antonine period, dated to 192

Location: Horti Lamiani, Rome

Description: Commodus frequently portrayed himself as Hercules, and even had himself deified as the incarnation of Hercules. He would dress up as Hercules and perform beast fights in the colosseum.

Name: Painting: Septimius Severus, Julia Domna & Caracalla

Date: Severan period, dated to ca. AD 199

Location: n/a

Description: coin depicts Severus, his wife, and his two sons. Caracalla has Geta killed because they were co-heirs. Geta’s face was scratched out of the painting, indicating Caracalla enacted damnatio memoriae against his brother.

Name: Aurelian Wall

Date: Aurelian period, dated to 272-75 AD

Location: Rome

Description: The Aurelian wall was built, as the Servian wall had become useless. It enclosed more land, including Trastevere and the Campus Martius. It was built quickly. It also showed that Rome was worried about its ability to defend itself from invaders

Name: Sculpture: Tetrarchs made of porphyry

Date: Tetrarchic period, dated to ca. AD 300

Location: Venice

Description: Shows the tetrarchs standing together. They are embracing as allies, showing that they are friends. Shows the Augustus with his Caesar, and their partnership  

Name: Hadrian’s wall

Date: Hadrianic period, dated to shortly after AD 121

Location: Britain

Description: Builds a wall in northern Brittanica, where the island narrows. Keeps out tribal opposition because they have smaller numbers. Has watch towers so that they can see the enemy coming and gather the army. Focused on fighting outside of Roman territory

trajan’s column

location: rome

date: 113

relevance: Trajan's Column is a Roman triumphal column in Rome, Italy, that commemorates Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars. shows the superiority of the Roman military

year of the 4 emperors

date: 69 BC

relevance: four different emperors successively held power: Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian. This period marked the end of the Julio-Claudian dynasty and the beginning of the Flavian dynasty. time of chaos and political violence

diocletian

date: 284-305 emperor

location: roman empire, east

relevance: as emperor, he started the tetrarchy. he stabilized the empire after the crisis of the third century. he voluntarily retired.

Milvian Bridge

date: 312

location: milvian bridge, rome

relevance: battle of the milvian bridge between constantine and maxentius. constantine won and became sole emperor of the roman empire. constantine had a vision of the cross before the battle, and he converted to christianity after that.

Constantine

date: 306-337

location: roman empire

relevance: ends the tetrarchy by becoming sole emperor. converts to christianity and legalizes christianity. establishes constantinople as a major city, serving as a second rome

The Good Emperors

date: 96-180

location: rome

relevance: time in which emperors did not pass emperorship to their sons, but instead chose someone competent to do the job. lots of positive reforms and stability to the empire

Social War

date: 90 BC

location: italian peninsula

relevance: war because people wanted roman citizenship. they were under roman control but did not have the same rights as romans. Lex granting citizenship to allies who had not rebelled and those who stop fighting in the social war. war ends because people received citizenship

Pliny the Younger

date: born 61 AD

relevance: pliny and tacitus were both historians who wrote letters to one another. pliny is a historian and political figure. becomes close with trajan as his advisor and writes him letters. we know a lot about history because of the letters pliny wrote.

Danube River

location: separates roman empire from germanic region

relevance: border that was under constant turmoil in the crisis of the third century. played a major role in this crisis, as emperors could not be in two places at once and there was also conflict in parthia. served as a clear border for the roman empire

Jewish Revolt

location: judea

date: 66 ad

relevance: a series of conflicts between the Jewish population of Judea and the Roman Empire. titus supresses the rebellion and stops the revolt by sacking the temple, leads to the arch of titus.

Sulla

date: dictator from 82-79 bc

relevance: appointed dictator for life. During his dictatorship, makes sullan reforms which shifts power to the senate and away from the tribunes. initiates proscriptions, time of fear

Actium

date: 31 bc

location: actium in greece

relevance: mark antony is killed and octavian can now be sole ruler. officially ends second triumverate

Sejanus

date: died 31 AD

relevance: equestrian, ally of tiberius who plots to have him killed. sejanus is found out and arrested

Senatus consultum ultimum

• The final decree of the senate 

• The senate says to someone go and do what you need to do to protect the state and we will back you up 

• See to it that the state suffers no harm 

• Authorizes illegal activity to protect the state 

The Flavians

date: 69-96 AD

relevance: flavian dynasty started after the year of the four emperors. included vespasian, titus, and domitian. ended with the assassination of domitian

its vast construction programme in the city of Rome, intended to restore the capital from the damage it had suffered during the Great Fire of 64, and the civil war of 69.