Anatomy and Physiology: Lesson 1 & 2 Flashcards

A set of 30 practice flashcards covering core anatomy and physiology concepts from Lesson 1 & 2.

What does Anatomy study?

The structure of the body; its parts and how they are cut apart and separated.

What does Physiology study?

The processes and functions of the body.

What are the two basic approaches to studying the body?

Systemic (by organ systems) and regional (by body areas).

What are the six structural levels of the body?

Chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, and organisms.

What are the components of the Integumentary System?

Skin, hair, nails, and sebaceous and sweat glands.

What are the major functions of the Integumentary System?

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D.

What are the components of the Skeletal System?

Bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints.

What are the main functions of the Skeletal System?

Provides protection and support, allows movement, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissue.

What are the components of the Muscular System?

Muscles and tendons.

What are the functions of the Muscular System?

Produces body movements, maintains posture, and generates body heat.

What does the Nervous System include?

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

What is the major regulatory role of the Nervous System?

Controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions.

What components make up the Endocrine System?

Endocrine glands that secrete hormones; a major regulatory system influencing metabolism, growth, reproduction, and more.

What is the function of the Cardiovascular System?

Transports nutrients, wastes, gases, and hormones through the heart and blood vessels.

What is the function of the Respiratory System?

Exchanges O2 and CO2 between the blood and air; helps regulate blood pH.

What is the function of the Lymphatic System?

Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph and helps fight disease.

What is the function of the Digestive System?

Performs digestion, nutrient absorption, and elimination of waste.

What is the function of the Urinary System?

Removes waste products from the blood; regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance.

What are the components listed for the Female Reproductive System?

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands.

What is Organization in the Essential Characteristics of Life?

Parts of an organism interacting and working together.

What is Metabolism in the Essential Characteristics of Life?

The ability to use energy to perform vital functions.

What is Responsiveness in the Essential Characteristics of Life?

The ability to sense changes in the environment and make adjustments.

What is Growth in the Essential Characteristics of Life?

Increase in size of all parts of the organism.

What is Development in the Essential Characteristics of Life?

Changes in an organism over time; involves growth and differentiation.

What is Reproduction in the Essential Characteristics of Life?

Formation of new cells or new organisms.

What is Homeostasis?

Existence and maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment despite external or internal fluctuations.

What is Negative Feedback?

Deviation from the set point is reduced or resisted; maintains variation within a normal range (example: temperature 36.5–37.5°C).

What is Positive Feedback?

Deviation from the set point becomes greater and the response is amplified until the stimulus is eliminated (example: labor).

What does Anatomical Position refer to?

A person standing upright with the face directed forward.

What do Supine and Prone mean in anatomical terms?

Supine means lying face forward; Prone means lying face downward.