Sociology study guide

Sociology vs Psychology

psychology focus on a individual sociology never focus on individuals usually groups

sociological perspective

Focuses on the social or group level looks at behavior of groups rather than an individual

Conformity

Behavior that matches group expectations

Sociological imagination

The ability to see the link between society and self

Social and economic changes during the industrial revolution that led to the emergence of sociology

People were moving from farm to factory life and losing a sense of community

Auguste Comte

Father of sociology

 wanted to improve Society 

lived during the French Revolution

Positivism

Belief that knowledge should be derived from scientific observation

social statics

Study of social stability and order

social dynamics

study of social change

Harriet Martineau

Feminist theorist translated Comts’s work to English saw a link between slavery and the oppression of women

Herbert spencer

Sociality should not guide social reform 

Society is like the human body

social darwinism

Social darwinism

evolution of society's 

survival of the fittest 

Society will advance unless you help the less fit

Karl Marx

Believe people should change society 

concerned with working class inequality

Haves/bourgeoise- owners 

Have nots/ Proletariat- workers

Class conflict

on going struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat

Emile durkheim

 French sociologist Society exists because of a broad consensus within Society developed a shared consensus industrial society

Mechanical solidarity

Society depends based on a widespread consensus of volumes and beliefs Independence on tradition and family

organic solidarity

Social interdependence based on a high degree of specialization of roles

Max Weber

German sociologist best known for claiming religion was the primary cause of social change

Verstehen

Understanding social behavior by putting yourself in the place of others

Rationalization

The mindset emphasizing knowledge reason and planning

Protestant Ethic

Self denying approach to life Frugal lifestyle and desire to save and invest

Jane Addams

Social reformer that sought justice

 created the hull house 

fought for a hour work days and child labor women's suffrage and peace movements

W.E.B Du Bois

social activist

 use science a sociology to just prove racist assumptions

 work to end racial injustices 

said that talented educated black should lead and teacher communities rather than cutting ties

Functionalism

Approach the emphasize the contributions made by each part of society

manifest

Intended and recognized consequences of an aspect of society

latent

unintended and unrecognized consequences of an aspect of society

Dysfunction

negative consequences of an aspect of society

Conflict perspective

Approach emphasizing the role of conflict competition and constraint within Society

Symbolic interactionism

Approach that focuses on the interactions among People based on their mutually understood symbols

Theoretical Perspective

a set of assumptions about an area of study

Views on social change

explains how each sociological perspective explains why Society changes over time