CHEM 1100 Study Guide, Midterm 1

Which conversion takes place in the catalytic converter of an automobile?

NO ---- N2 + O2

The law of conservation of mass implies that in a chemical reaction

The number of atoms in the reactants equals the number of atoms in the products

As the frequency of light _____, the wavelength _______, and the energy _______

increases, decreases, increases

Which chemical name is incorrectly matched with its formula? (A) CF4 carbon tetrafluoride (B) P2O3 diphosphorous trioxide (C) NI3 nitrogen triiodide (D) SO2 dioxygen sulfide

D) dioxygen sulfide

Ozone is what type of pollutant

A secondary pollutant and bad nearby (ground level is harmful to plants and humans)

Compounds are to elements as ______ are to _________

words & letters

. Which is a molecule but not a compound?

(A) H2O (B) He (C) O3 (D) air (E) none of these

C, Ozone (O3)

A neutral atom of U-235 contains ________ protons, Atomic number 92

92

A neutral atom of U-235 contains ________ neutrons, Atomic number 92

143

A neutral atom of U-235 contains ________ electrons, Atomic number 92

92

Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, giving it an overall electrical charge.

Photon

A photon is the fundamental particle of light (and all electromagnetic radiation).

Neutron

A neutron is one of the three main subatomic particles that make up an atom

Automobiles emit

CO and VOCs

CO and VOCs form

NO2

NO reacts with

sunlight

Sunlight and NO create

Ozone or O3

O3 and more VOCs create what?

Smog

What are the two types of particulate matter

PM10, PM2.5

What is the dangers of PM2.5

smaller and more likely to get through the respiratory tract, cause asthma, and get into the bloodstream (cardiovascular diseases)

What is the dangers of PM10

Can reach reach upper respiratory tract, cause coughing, and irritation

Cation

A positively charged ion, formed by an atom losing an electron

Anion

A negatively charged ion, formed by an atom gaining an electron

The speed of light

3.00 x 10^8 m/s, c

Planck's Constant

6.626×10^−34J

Balance: C₃H₈ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O

C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O

Balance: H₂ + O₂ → H₂O

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

Balance: Al + O₂ → Al₂O₃

4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃

Balance: Fe + O₂ → Fe₂O₃

4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃

Na + Cl₂ → NaCl

2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl

Balance: C₂H₆O + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O (ethanol combustion)

C₂H₆O + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O

The oxygens should always be balanced...

last

h=

6.626 x 10-34 J∙s

c =

3.0 x 10^8 m/sc, speed of light

E=

energy of a photon, E=hv

λ is

wavelength

ν=

frequency

what is a nanometer in scientific notation

1.0x10^-9 or one times ten to the negative ninth (nine)

most common unit for wavelength

nanometers

Ozone peaks at what time of the day?

afternoon

True or false Carbon monoxide is dangerous outside?

False

Asbestos exposure can cause:

lung cancer and lung damage

The second leading leading cause of lung cancer

Radon exposure

Refraction

The change in direction of a light ray when it passes from one medium to another with a different speed of light

How many nanometers are in a meter

1 billion

Amplitude

the height of a wave measured from (equilibrium) 0 to the peak

1 Hertz is equal to

1 cycle per second

Photon

a tiny particle of light energy

The threshold frequency is responsible for what happening?

electrons being ejected

light has both characteristics of

waves and particles

Wave particle duality

The fact that light has both characteristics of waves and particles

What does the sun emit?

energy in the form of ultraviolet, infrared, and visible light radiation

radiation

the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles

Wavelength and ____ are inversely proportional

frequency

The distance a wave travels during one cycle is called its ________.

wavelength

wavelength is usually measured as the distance between two_______ or two troughs.

crest

The ____ of a wave is the number of waves per second

frequency

Wavelength and frequency are ______ proportional to each other.

inversely

As wavelength increases frequency will ______.

decrease

True or False? A substance must be radioactive in order to emit radiation

False

What are the symbol and unit for wavelength?

lambda and (Λ/λ)

1 nm (nanometer) = ______. m

10^-9 m

The total percent of UV radiation from the sun

8%

The total percent of IR radiation from the sun

53%

The total percent of visible radiation from the sun

39%

Energy is quantized. What does this mean?

Radiant energy is distributed in a noncontinuous manner.

True or False, A proton has mass

False

UV-A has the _____ energy

lowest

UV-C has the _____ energy

highest

True or False? N2 is an air pollutant

False

Elements that come out of a car's tail pipe

N2, CO, NO, CO2

Air is considered which of the following? A compound, mixture, element, or pure substance

mixture

Energy is not continuous, but is _____ which means that it is divided into "packets" each of which contains a definite amount of energy.

discrete or quantized

UV-C radiation is absorbed in the _____

stratosphere

UV-C radiation is absorbed by oxygen and ______

ozone, O3

least to greatest wavelength of the three types of radiation

UV-C, UV-B, UV-A

The bonds in ozone are _____ than the ones in oxygen

weaker

In general ozone is much _____ reactive than oxygen

more

The region of the atmosphere closest to Earth is called the ______.

troposphere

The region of the atmosphere that contains the ozone layer is called the _____.

stratosphere

Dobson Unit

Unit used to measure ozone concentration, equivalent to 3x10^16

Resonance forms are

Lewis structures for the same species that differ in the placement of electrons. ✅8

which is the shortest type of bond

triple bond

A designated region in the stratosphere of maximum O₃ concentration is called the

ozone layer